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Tag: "decay" at biology news

A new mechanism of regulating RNA degradation

...scriptional regulation is called nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Originally NMD was thought to destroy incorrectly transcribed or otherwise problematic RNAs, but investigators now know that it plays a major role in regulating the life span of numerous RNAs, and thus controls gene activity. To better unders...

FDA Approves Human Hookworm Vaccine for Phase I Safety Trials

...scriptional regulation is called nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Originally NMD was thought to destroy incorrectly transcribed or otherwise problematic RNAs, but investigators now know that it plays a major role in regulating the life span of numerous RNAs, and thus controls gene activity. To better unders...

Virginia Tech, Nanjing Institute researchers discover half-billion year-old fossils

...were emplaced shortly after the death, burial, and decay of the Ediacara organisms, thus replicating the three-dimensional shape of the tubular structures. How did these Ediacara organisms live? "We think that the fossils were preserved where they lived. In other words, they had not been transported a lon...

Study provides insight into cellular defenses against genetic mutation

...e screening process, called nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), can nearly eliminate the supply of an mRNA ...ee up-frameshift proteins work together to trigger decay once an early nonsense codon is detected, most likely by recruiting enzymes that remove the tail and...

Give thanks for the cranberry, say dental researchers

...ach for the cranberry sauce just to stop the tooth decay brought on by carbohydrate-laden foods like mashed potatoes, rolls, and pumpkin pie. He recommends traditional measures to avoid cavities: Brush your teeth after dinner, don't snack often, stay away from sugary foods, use a mouth rinse, and get regul...

War on terror meets war on cancer

... of an element that are stable because they do not decay radioactively ?started out as a way to learn about how ecosystems work, based on how environmental factors affect the proportions of various isotopes in plants, animals, soil and air. Later, stable isotopes in sediments or other materials were used t...

Bacteria that cause tooth decay able to survive without important biochemical pathway

Leave it to the bacteria that cause tooth decay to be able to live without something all cells wer.... surgeon general to be a "silent epidemic," tooth decay is a chronic childhood disease that affects five times more children than asthma and is estimated to...

DNA: Bacteria's survival ration

...in DNA, in ribosomes, in plant protein? "A lot of decay is microbial, and nobody ever thinks about it." F...antibiotics. The study did not prove that all DNA decay is microbial. But Finkel discounted the significance of inorganic processes, citing the chemical sta...

Marine 'dead zone' off Oregon is spreading

...e. This allows huge masses of plant growth to die, decay and in the process consume even more of the available oxygen near the sea floor, causing hypoxic conditions for marine life. The first event in 2002 caused a massive die-off of fish and invertebrate marine species on the central Oregon coast. Less s...

Friendly bacteria in chewing gum that bites back

...that can destroy the bad bacteria that cause tooth decay could be in the shops soon reports Marina Murphy in C&I. The gum is one of several products being developed by German chemical company BASF using the bacteria Lactobacillus, which is normally found in live yoghurt. BASF discovered a new strain...

Report focuses on the role good microbes play in future medicine

...flammatory bowel disease, oral diseases like tooth decay and periodontal disease, and various other infections, including vaginal infections and possibly skin infections. Probiotics could also conceivably be put to use in preventing disease or thwarting autoimmune disorders. A number of these possibiliti...

miRNA-mediated silencing of mRNAs

...in in the miRNA pathway, targeting transcripts for decay via a deadenylation and decapping reaction. The question of whether miRNAs silence gene expression without affecting mRNA levels has been controversial, and conflicting results have been reported in the literature. Dr. Izaurralde explains that, "Our...

Otherworldly bacteria discovered two miles down

...om the decomposition of water (H2O) by radioactive decay of uranium, thorium, and potassium." Humans and most other land-dwelling organisms ultimately get their energy from the Sun, with photosynthetic plants forming the base of the food web. But in dark places where sunlight doesn't reach, life has ...

'Best of both worlds' -- Targeting a single gene could inhibit bone decay and stimulate bone growth

... a single gene that it is possible to inhibit bone decay while simultaneously stimulating bone formation. T...ge. "The main challenge is how to prevent bone decay while also encouraging bone growth," said Choi. The basic principles behind bone metabolism are ...

Drug treatment improves learning in mice with Down syndrome symptoms, Stanford/Packard study shows

...aid Garner, who cautions that this new ability may decay over longer periods of time as older, drug-experienced neurons are replaced by younger cells. The researchers believe that the key to the improvement lies in the fact that PTZ blocks the action of an inhibitory neurotransmitter called GABA. Normal...

Xylitol reduces risk of cavities

...f the oral cavity and its role in preventing tooth decay (caries). In a series of studies on children and adolescents, samples of saliva and plaque were examined. Among other findings, it was determined that a daily intake of 3.4 grams of xylitol was sufficient to change the consistency of the bacteria, ...

Destructive enzyme shows a benevolent side

...The fact that we don't see an acceleration of mRNA decay suggests that something in the stress response protects these mRNAs from being degraded, even though the degrading enzyme PMR1 is there in the stress granules with its target mRNA." Schoenberg and his colleagues will next study the other proteins ...

MIT model helps researchers 'see' brain development

...lping researchers “see?how those folds develop and decay in the cerebral cortex. By applying computer graphics techniques to brain images collected using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, they have created a set of tools for tracking and measuring these folds over time. Their resulting model of cortical ...

DNA analysis suggests under-reported kills of threatened whales

...sale in the markets ?a process they compare to the decay of radio-isotopes. Fewer meat products from an individual whale remain on the market with each succeeding week, and their estimate of six weeks for the "half-life" of an individual whale gives future researchers a good idea of how frequently they wil...

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