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Tag: "damages" at biology news

Poor prenatal nutrition permanently damages function of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas

...d its blood vessels, or high blood pressure, which damages vessels." In addition, many other factors can result in intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight. The Joslin study, published in the March edition of Diabetes, reinforces what scientists have known from previous studies in humans: Infant...

Ancient olfaction protein is shared by many bugs, offering new pest control target

...dfly (a citrus pest), the corn earworm moth (which damages corn and tobacco), and Anopheles gambiae, the malaria mosquito. When the medfly, moth, and mosquito versions (or "orthologues") of Or83b were expressed in fruit flies that were missing their own version of the gene, the flies' sense of smell was rest...

Undesirable expatriates: Preventing the spread of invasive animals

...causing approximately $19 billion dollars worth of damages annually in the U.S. (Pimentel et al. 2000. BioScience 50, 53). The authors' exhaustive analysis, which drew on data from the 15th century to the 20th century, revealed an unsettling conclusion. For every four animals that made the transatlantic jou...

Plant Sacrifices Cells to Fight Invaders

...-death" signal moves out of the infected areas and damages the rest of the plant. The group studied the plant-pathogen interactions in a type of tobacco easily infected with a virus in the laboratory. The model system allowed the researchers to inactivate, or silence, a gene important to the plant's PCD res...

South African Tribunal Asks For Damages Estimates in GSK AIDS Drug Case

...ent further evidence & arguments regarding the damages they claim to have sustained as a result of what t...ll submit to the Tribunal evidence of the monetary damages suffered as a result of GSK's illegal actions in charging excessive AIDS drug prices in South Africa...

Research shows smoking adds a decade to reproductive age of IVF patients

...e birth after IVF. Being overweight also seriously damages their chances. The harmful effects of smoking or being overweight were strongest among those women who had no obvious cause for not conceiving, according to the research, published today (Thursday 7 April) in Europe's leading reproductive medicine j...

Pinpointing the cause of a neurodegenerative disorder

...ase. In SCA1, for example, the buildup of Ataxin-1 damages the cerebellar Purkinje cells. As a result of the damage, people with SCA1 lose balance and motor coordination. Loss of muscle control worsens until patients can no longer eat or breathe. "We had known that the expansion of the glutamine tract withi...

Investigating 'brain shrinkage' in alcoholics

...dent on alcohol. "The exact ways in which alcohol damages the brain are uncertain," said Harper. "It might be that alcohol, or a metabolic byproduct of alcohol such as acetaldehyde, are toxic. Research on malnutrition, a common consequence of poor dietary habits in some alcoholics, indicates that thiamine d...

Molecular trigger for Huntington's disease found

...host of other genes. This abnormal gene activation damages the cells' power plants, called the mitochondria, and kills brain cells. The researchers also speculated that disturbances in p53 may also play a role in some forms of Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig's disease. ...

UF study first to quantify validity of DNA I.D. tool using marine snails

...ifying the bird species responsible when a carcass damages an airplane engine, he said. "Engines are built to withstand strikes by birds up to a certain size, but not a large crane or goose," he said. "Thus, it's helpful to know which brand of shredded tweet went through the combine." And because the techno...

Tsunami + 1 year: Reviving exhausted fisheries should trump replacing boats, gear, experts say

...ng fleet and associated gear. Indonesia estimates damages to its capture fisheries sector at US$ 52 million. WorldFish Director-General Stephen Hall says that while delivery of aid has varied significantly from one location to another across the tsunami-affected region, infrastructure replacement is relati...

Novel protein complex enables survival in hostile environment

...sulfate produces sulfite as an intermediate, which damages an essential component of the methane production machinery," Mukhopadhyay said. "Consequently, sulfite kills most methanogens." However, early methanogens must have been able to tolerate sulfite. "Early earth had a lot of sulfide but no oxygen unti...

Scientists show how thinking can harm brain cells

...bard. "We reconsidered how excitotoxicity actually damages the nervous system in a functional way." The scientists focused on dendrites, the crooked branches of neurons that carry impulses toward the body of the nerve cell, and synapses, the places where impulses pass from neuron to neuron. Injury to dendri...

Removing DNA repair gene causes metabolic syndrome

...ne or dampening oxidative stress to the cells that damages their DNA. Such techniques could one day become therapies. "One may be able to develop a diagnostic method to do early screening," Lloyd said. "Or there could be a drug discovery mechanism in which you enhance the transcription process (of NEIL1) an...

UCLA paper examines how one disease may prevent another

...ents with celiac disease, a digestive disease that damages the small intestine and interferes with absorption of nutrients from food, thrived on their "non-bread" diet. Wheat was discovered to be the culprit. Other diseases that benefit from severe caloric or protein restriction include kidney failure, type-...

Proteins spur diabetic mice models to grow blood vessels, nerves

...21 million Americans with diabetes, a disease that damages both nerves and blood vessels. The therapy involves netrins, a family of proteins that promotes nerve development. In a study to be published this week in the journal Science Express, the Utah researchers and colleagues from other universities showe...

New MRI technique shows emphysema in asymptomatic smokers

...ronic, progressive lung disease, which permanently damages the air sacs in the lungs. As the size of the air sacs (or "airspaces") increase, cavities form in the lung tissue, hindering oxygen delivery. According to the American Lung Association, over 3 million people in the United States have been diagnosed ...

UF scientists test improved gene therapy method for hereditary heart conditions

...oms in mice with a form of muscular dystrophy that damages the heart. They also tested the virus-based delivery method in monkeys and found genes were readily absorbed by heart muscle cells, and the effect persisted for months. The findings, published July 27 in the online edition of Circulation Research, ...

Honey helps problem wounds

...time. However, in large concentrations it not only damages the bacteria, but also the skin cells. Furthermore, medihoney consists of two different types of honey: one which forms a comparatively large amount of hydrogen peroxide, and another known as 'lepto-spermum honey'. Leptospermum is a species of tree ...

How can identical twins be genetically different?

...atism. RA is a chronic inflammatory disease that damages joints. RA causes pain, loss of movement, and bone deformities. It affects 2.1 million Americans. There are many genetic factors that put people at a high-risk for developing RA, yet only 15 percent of identical twins will both develop it. Scienti...

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