Tag: "cytokines" at biology news

VCU study shows hormone-like molecule kills cells that cause inflammation in allergic disease

...stances such as histamine, heparin and a number of cytokines are rapidly released into the tissues and blood, promoting an allergic reaction. Mast cells are believed to be generated by different precursor cells in the bone marrow. In the in vitro portion of the study, researchers used mouse bone marrow cell...

Arthritis: What Wnt wrong?

...n. The authors also examined whether inflammatory cytokines were produced in primary cartilage and synovial cells from arthritic versus normal joints. While OA cells did not differ from controls, primary RA cells produced TNF-a, IL-1ß and IL-6 at levels 2- to 4-fold above controls. Importantly, this effect co...

Immune system's distress signal tells bacteria when to strike back

...bowel disease patients, for example, have elevated cytokines ?the chemical messengers that trigger an immune response ?in the bowel. "These could signal the bug," said Alverdy, "then the bug strikes back and then the inflammation process snowballs." Because the bacteria in this case are "normal flora," people ...

Newly Discovered 'Branding' Process Helps Immune System Cells Pick Their Fights

.... T cells kill pathogens or produce molecules like cytokines that stop their growth. Scientists have known for some time that a second class of innate immune system cells known as antigen-presenting cells helps T cells determine what to attack. They do this by displaying fragments of proteins they have picked...

Gladstone investigators discover how resting T cells avoid HIV infection

...ing into action -- growing and dividing, releasing cytokines (proteins that the immune system uses to communicate between cells) and recruiting and activating additional T cells. The new study shows that this activation process dismantles the highly effective A3G antiviral shield, making these cells highly sus...

Cooperation is key—a new way of looking at MicroRNA and how it controls gene expression

...ch elements. Lots of genes, including inflammatory cytokines and cancer-causing oncogenes, have these AU-rich elements built in. AU-rich element degradation involves a number of different proteins, including proteins that bind to the AU regions of the mRNA. These binding events may play a role in the stabilit...

Researchers report new pro-inflammatory role for anti-inflammatory enzyme

... When immune cells are exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines or bacterial endotoxin (part of the bacterial cell wall) they start to produce inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an enzyme responsible for the manufacture of nitric oxide (NO). This results in an increase in cellular NO which contributes to inf...

Researchers devise way to mass-produce embryonic stem cells

...ssengers, called cytokines, to the stem cells. The cytokines essentially tell the stem cells to stay in their undifferentiated state. The difference between growing stem cells in a flask vs. the bioreactor is that the cells grown in the bioreactor could grow in three dimensions, while cells growing on a flat ...

Rats infected as newborns grew up vulnerable to memory problems during an immune challenge

...with LPS had significantly lower concentrations of cytokines called interleukins than control pups (they tested 32 PUPS in all). Immune cells release these cytokines, or certain protein molecules, in response to germs. Prior research had suggested that higher IL-1BETA in the brain's hippocampus, a key memory a...

How an AIDS-Related Cancer Unleashes Inflammation

...h of infected cells required the overproduction of cytokines ?immune system proteins that trigger the cell's in...posin B activated MK2, leading to higher levels of cytokines in the cell. Activated MK2 does this by prolonging the stability of cytokine messenger RNA ?the gene...

Topical treatment shown to inhibit HIV and herpes simplex virus infection

...ble human cells in culture. Levels of inflammatory cytokines were also measured as markers of acute inflammation. Analyses showed that CVL obtained after the application of PRO 2000 gel reduced both HIV and HSV infectivity by at least 1000-fold compared to CVL obtained at baseline. The effects were highly sta...

Bioartificial kidney under study at MCG

...blood pressure regulation and clear and metabolize cytokines that help direct the immune system. The new device for kidney failure adds billions of kidney cells that can perform many of these important kidney functions. Human proximal tubule cells are collected from kidneys obtained by the National Disease Re...

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