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Tag: "cycle" at biology news

Regulating the nuclear architecture of the cell

...n and cell division checkpoints slow down the cell cycle when damaged DNA is detected, and DNA repair mechanisms move in to fix the damage." However, if these replication checkpoints are crippled in flies that also have mutations in the H3K9 methylation and RNAi pathways, Karpen says, genome aberrations ac...

New sunscreen ingredient to heal sunburn and help prevent skin cancer

...d DNA, causing mutations that can disrupt the cell cycle and potentially lead to cancer. "We wanted to find a way of mopping up sunlight-generated free iron that produce harmful radicals during exposure to bright sunlight in order to prevent the unwanted side reactions that can lead to skin damage and u...

Researchers identify new weapon to fight deadly bacterial sepsis

...cal pathways by which LPS triggers an inflammatory cycle that damages the cells of the heart. By blocking aldose reductase activity with pharmacological inhibitors or using small interfering RNAs (pieces of genetic material that specifically stop the production of particular cellular proteins) to prevent t...

Clue found to Epstein-Barr virus' ability to form and sustain tumors

...at when they blocked this activity, the virus life cycle was broken. Often linked to infectious mononucleosis, EBV also causes cancers that kill 100,000 people around the world each year. The virus, which infects the immune system's B cells and causes them to grow, is directly responsible for Burkitt's ly...

Heavy smoking cuts women's chance of pregnancy -- even with donated oocytes

...able and the number of embryos transferred in each cycle (between one and three) was also comparable between the groups. Lead researcher Dr Sérgio Soares, Director of the IVI Clinic in Lisbon, said: "The non-heavy smokers had a significantly higher pregnancy rate, with over half becoming pregnant (52.2%...

Newts which regrow their hearts

...s protein is a marker for the G2 phase of the cell cycle and indicates that the newt heart regenerates without the involvement of stem cells. It also seems that the heart regeneration does not create typical wound healing tissue, called a blastema. Braun explains this finding: "The heart only has a relativ...

Sequencing of the oyster mushroom genome

...ns), this fungus is a model for studying the CO 2 cycle ?carbon dioxide being one of the principal gases of the greenhouse effect ?and holds great potential for use in bioremediation –biodegradation of contaminants ? reasons why, together with other crops such as the yucca or cotton, it has been chosen fo...

Anticipation plays a powerful role in human memory, brain study finds

...hen it is over. Unfortunately, that sets a vicious cycle in motion, because the stronger her memory of discomfort, the worse her performance anxiety is likely to get. The UW-Madison scientists found that two key regions of the brain - the amygdala and the hippocampus - become activated when a person is a...

NHGRI aims to make DNA sequencing faster, more cost effective

...-synthesis. This method uses the natural catalytic cycle of DNA polymerase to capture just a single DNA bas...dreds of thousands of molecules at once. Then the cycle will be repeated. This phased award will increase if specific milestones are met in the initial exp...

Tearing down the fungal cell wall

... fungi, are an essential part of the developmental cycle of A. brassicicola and arise from the branching filaments or hyphae that make up the fungus. In the study, the investigators show that disruption of the AbNPS2 gene drastically impacts the integrity of the cell wall of fungal spores produced in the r...

Negative effects of caffeine are stronger on daytime sleep than on nocturnal sleep

...enteen subjects followed their habitual sleep–wake cycle and slept in the laboratory during the night (Night), while 17 subjects were sleep deprived for one night and recovery sleep started in the morning (DayRec). All subjects received a capsule of 100 mg of caffeine (or placebo) 3 hours before bedtime, a...

Chronic jet-lag conditions hasten death in aged mice

... rats exposed to a six-hour advance in their light cycle died after the shift in schedule. In the new work, the researchers examined the mortality link in earnest by looking at how young mice and old mice fared when subjected to two different types of light-cycle shifts. In one regimen, mice experienced...

Why don't all moles progress to melanoma?

... form of "suspended animation" that stops the cell cycle and keeps cells from dividing, but doesn't kill them. "The cells are held in check ?they don't die, but they don't proliferate either," Soengas explains. "In the case of moles, melanocytes can stay this way for 20 to 40 years or even your whole lif...

Gladstone investigators identify a new protective action for the powerful anti-HIV factor, APOBEC3G

...ermined, interrupts this retro-element replication cycle by binding the retro-element RNAs and sequestering them in the cytoplasm away from the nuclear machinery required for copying the RNA back into DNA and inserting the retro-element at a new chromosomal site. Understanding A3G's role in activated CD...

Huddling and a drop in metabolism allow penguins to survive the South Pole cold

...es in free ranging birds throughout their breeding cycle by using long-term implanted data loggers. The re...ve free-ranging penguins throughout their breeding cycle were on average 36.7 ± 0.3°C. During the pairing period, deep body temperature decreased progressive...

Virginia Tech's System X supercomputer provides super tool for simulation of cell division

...orithms that make it possible to simulate the cell cycle -- the processes leading to cell division. They ha...e all the protein interactions regulating the cell cycle of budding yeast (the yeast cells familiar to bakers and brewers, and a favorite organism of molecul...

Cholera pathogen reveals how bacteria generate energy to live

...her developing interest in the physiology and life cycle of V. cholerae itself. Much of what is known about...outside their hosts. Study of the rest of the life cycle could be important in disease prevention. "We have to know the enemy," Barquera said. As it stand...

Fruit fly gene research may shed light on human disease processes

...," says Erickson, "fruit flies share the same life cycle as butterflies ?they're just not as pretty." ...

With cellulosic ethanol, there is no food vs. fuel debate according to MSU scientist

...ing and materials science professor, has used life cycle analysis tools, which include agricultural data and computer modeling, to study the sustainability of producing biofuels ?fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel that are made from renewable resources. Dale will present his findings today at the Ameri...

The influence of the menstrual cycle on the female brain

...Follicular phase: the first part of the menstrual cycle starting from the first day of the period. 5 Luteal phase: the second pat of the menstrual cycle that begins after ovulation and ends on the last day of the period. 6. Gonadal neurosteroids: ste...

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