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Tag: "cut" at biology news

Scientists reveal the shape of a protein that helps retroviruses break into cells

... cases nearby populations of the same species were cut off from each other because even low-altitude passes had insufficient oxygen to allow animals to cross from one valley to the next. That population fragmentation likely increased the extinction rate and slowed recovery following the mass extinction, ...

Designing vaccines by computer

...ein sequences that modern bioscience generates and cut the number of compounds drug companies need to test when searching for new vaccines. Researchers funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and working at the Edward Jenner Institute for Vaccine Research are using a...

Purdue researchers use enzyme to clip 'DNA wires'

... attached magnetic "nanoparticles" to DNA and then cut these "DNA wires" into pieces, offering the promis... but no other researchers have coated DNA and then cut the strands into smaller pieces using a "restriction enzyme," a class of enzyme that causes DNA to f...

Grass makes environmentally friendly biofuel

...al farmland. "Any mixture of grasses can be used, cut in mid- to late summer, left in the field to leach out minerals, then baled and pelleted. Drying of the hay is not required for pelleting, making the cost of processing less than with wood pelleting," says Cherney. "The bottom line is that pelletized...

Two studies document rise of superbugs in the environment

...ctions mainly involves common sense. "If you get a cut or an abrasion, try to keep it clean and dry" and don't share towels or washcloths with others, Dr. Kaplan said. Most importantly, he added, "Wash hands, wash hands, wash hands." And if regular drug-resistant bacteria weren't bad enough, some bacter...

Researchers develop new method for facile identification of proteins in bacterial cells

...ual proteins, which are scooped out of the gel and cut with protein scissors into predictable, small pieces called peptides. The samples are then analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), which identifies protein fragments based on the tim...

Neandertal femur suggests competition with hyenas and a shift in landscape use

...as the hyenas, with some animal bones showing both cut marks from human tools and tooth marks from hyenas. Additionally, the human femur was gnawed by carnivores, probably hyenas. This shows that close competition for food and space persisted through the Middle Paleolithic among these Neandertals. ...

Say what? Bacterial conversation stoppers

... respond by releasing a toxin, while another might cut loose from a biofilm and move on to another enviro...hey turn off their toxins and excrete an enzyme to cut themselves loose from the intestine, so they can move out of the body where they can infect another ...

A new molecule discovered in the battle between plants and disease

...r supplying plants with the AtPep1 peptide through cut petioles induced expression of the gene. Also expressed in response to AtPep1 were the PDF1.2 gene (a plant defensin) and the PR-1 gene, (a pathogenesis-related gene). Two wound-related genes, LOX2 and VSP2, were not induced by AtPep1. Supplying AtPe...

Discovery suggests why stem cells run through stop signs

... the cell cycle: a special molecular mechanism has cut the brakes. The researchers found that tiny bits of genetic material called microRNAs are necessary for stem cell division to take place, suggesting that microRNAs shut off the signals that stop cell division in most other cells. The findings were p...

Naturally occurring asbestos linked to lung cancer

... of increasing concern as new housing developments cut through these areas. Of most concern are the areas of ultramafic rock associated with tremolite asbestos. In their ambitious study, Schenker and his colleagues used California Cancer Registry data to identify 2,908 cases of malignant mesothelioma di...

Virginia Tech, Nanjing Institute researchers discover half-billion year-old fossils

...g serial thin sectioning techniques, Shen and Xiao cut the decimeter-sized fossils into many paper-thin slices and looked at them under a microscope. They saw organic remains of millimeter-sized tubes that were the building blocks of the Ediacara fossils from China. Their discovery thus directly confirms...

New plant DNA libraries provides massive boost to world's plant researchers

... libraries usually employ "restriction enzymes" to cut up the DNA but this method may preferentially select only certain regions of DNA and exclude other regions from the final plant "library". The techniques used by the Warwick researchers remove this limitation and make the plant's entire DNA available...

Scavenger cells could be key to treating HIV-related dementia

...troviral drugs prescribed to most HIV patients has cut the number of HIV-associated dementia cases reported each year, Gonzalez-Scarano said. However, this is because the drugs slow the progression of the disease, he said. Patients still have the same chance of developing dementia later, as the disease a...

NHGRI expands effort to revolutionize sequencing technologies

...complex diseases. Ultimately, NHGRI's vision is to cut the cost of whole-genome sequencing to $1,000 or less, which will enable the sequencing of individual genomes as part of routine medical care. The ability to sequence an individual genome cost-effectively could enable health care professionals to tai...

Hunger in America rises by 43 percent over last five years

...o step up to the plate. If he now asks Congress to cut federal food programs, hunger will increase even further. We need the moral leadership to stem this crisis." ...

Study provides insight into cellular defenses against genetic mutation

... code for proteins. For mRNA to mature, it must be cut and pasted by cellular machines that re-assemble end to end only exons in the final template for protein construction. In recent years, Maquat's team has confirmed that complexes that identify early nonsense codons form at exon-exon junctions the pla...

Tropical dry forests receive international recognition

...Half of Costa Rica's dry forests have already been cut down and others face a similar threat, taking with it such resources as its native mahogany and rosewood trees, which are in danger of going extinct, says Sanchez-Azofeifa. In Mexico, the main threat is deforestation by local communities but the dr...

'Smart' nanoprobes light up disease

...t showed that luminescence of the quantum dots was cut by more than 70 percent when they were attached to the gold particles. They remained dark until the nanostructures were exposed to collagenase after which the luminescence steadily returned. Ultimately, the researchers hope to pair a series of quant...

Logging doubles threat to the Amazon, rivaling clear-cutting, study suggests

...estation, only certain marketable tree species are cut and logs are transported offsite to saw-mills. Little has been known about the extent or impacts of selective logging in Amazonia until now, according to the authors. To detect and quantify the amount of selective logging in the five major timber p...

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