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Tag: "critical" at biology news

Why were the HIV prevention trials in commercial sex workers abandoned?

... HIV infection around the globe." Lange is highly critical of the tactics used by those who have managed to shut down the PREP trials. "The methods of these specific activist groups," he says, "are uninformed demagogy, intimidation, and 'AIDS Exceptionalism', the last in the sense that they exploit their HIV...

Scientists show that tick-borne flaviviruses use a novel mechanism to evade host defenses

...the body recover from infection. Interferon is so critical for recovery from these infections that it is being tested in clinical trials to treat infection with various flaviviruses. But the treatment appears to fail in about half of cases. Dengue virus, West Nile virus and yellow fever virus have a protein...

Investigating 'brain shrinkage' in alcoholics

...examining alcohol-induced brain damage, calling it critical to solving the puzzle. "The pathologist and neuroradiologist can identify the region of the brain to study, and the molecular biologist can take samples from these regions and look at the genes controlling structure and function and even identify ind...

Mass production of human papillomavirus could lead to gains against cervical cancer

...le culture techniques limited the ability to study critical early stages of infection," said Ahlquist. "We couldn't pursue a number of experimental approaches because of the small amounts of virus available," he said. "Also, we were restricted in genetically manipulating the virus because the available approa...

Discovering an ecosystem beneath a collapsed Antarctic ice shelf

... that the ice shelves themselves may have played a critical role in allowing the chemical habitat to thrive on the seafloor when it otherwise might not have established itself. Domack noted, however, that the calving of the Larsen B Shelf has opened the pristine chemical-based ecosystem to disturbances and d...

Crisis in African fish supplies looms, experts warn Africa leaders

... to maintain consumption levels Calling fisheries critical for nourishing the poor and for helping Africa cope with the health, economic and social devastation of problems like HIV and AIDS, the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), the WorldFish Center and partners are making an urgent appeal to...

Leptin-signaling Protein Maintains Normal Body Weight And Energy Balance In Mice

... to maintain consumption levels Calling fisheries critical for nourishing the poor and for helping Africa cope with the health, economic and social devastation of problems like HIV and AIDS, the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), the WorldFish Center and partners are making an urgent appeal to...

Plant pathologists evaluate eco-friendly alternatives to methyl bromide

...scheduled for 2005. Currently, only uses deemed as critical by the international Methyl Bromide Technical Opti... to human toxicity and environmental impact. It is critical that research in these areas continues to move forward so that the next phase-out does not result in...

MicroRNA tweaks protein that controls early heart development

...ocations. "There are a variety of things that are critical to any organ's development," he said. "The Hand2 protein is a master regulator, and in its absence, you don't get any expansion of the heart ventricle at all. The finding that this microRNA controls Hand2, and probably several other proteins, is very...

Elderly mice yield clues to the process of growing old

...y-generating mitochondria, triggering the death of critical cells that lead to such things as hair and weight ... as (genetic) mutations or DNA damage accumulates, critical cells die," says Prolla. "These experiments favor a major role for programmed cell death in aging." ...

VCU Massey Cancer Center study shows enzyme linked to spread of breast cancer cells

...showed that epidermal growth factor, which plays a critical role in breast cancer progression, stimulates sphingosine kinases - SphK1 and SphK2 - a family of enzymes that forms the potent lipid mediator, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and that breast cancer cells are unable to move without these kinases. "If we u...

Energy management in cells may hold key to cancer defense

...hin cellular pathways. "A cell's energy level is critical to its survival," explains Witters, who likens a low-energy cell to a car with no gas in its tank. "In a previous study, we found that the cellular "gas gauge," AMPK, can turn around and alter any deficits in the cell if it is turned on by the kinas...

South Africa still debating how to tackle HIV/AIDS when 5 million are infected

...oject at the University of Witwatersrand, was very critical of the govenment and said she thought there was "deliberate campaign against evidence-based medicine." Hassan said that ARVs are saving people's lives. She says unambiguous messages must come from the highest level, the minister of health, as commun...

The synapse is a shotgun

... synapse -- the junction between neurons which are critical for communication in the brain and nervous system. The "nano-map," which shows the tiny spines and valleys resolved at nanometer scale, or one-billionth of a meter, has already proven its worth in changing scientists' views of the synaptic landscape....

Duke Experiments Boost Radiation's Cancer-Killing Effects

...mote cancer, while others inhibit cancer, so it is critical to block the protein at a juncture where it promotes cancer growth. The environment inside the tumor ?and the timing of a given treatment -- can make all the difference in a tumor's response to that therapy, said Moeller. "Just as putting on a coat...

Brain size may depend upon how neural cells are cleaved

...e way these cells are sliced during development is critical because at later stages of neurogenesis, vertical cleavage gives rise to two mature neurons that are incapable of further division, while horizontal cleavage yields one neuron and one progenitor cell that can continue to support brain growth. The re...

IBM Transforms the Art of Scientific Expeditions

...mote cancer, while others inhibit cancer, so it is critical to block the protein at a juncture where it promotes cancer growth. The environment inside the tumor ?and the timing of a given treatment -- can make all the difference in a tumor's response to that therapy, said Moeller. "Just as putting on a coat...

Envisat and ERS-2 reveal hidden side of Hurricane Rita

...ys take place. Satellite remote sensing provides a critical alternative approach. "It is critical for weather forecasters to obtain reliable characterization of the eye wall dimension and the radii ...

MERIS monitoring tracks planetary photosynthesis levels

...n the Earth's climate system. Vegetation plays a critical role on Earth as all animals and humans ultimately...human activities. Wood in particular constitutes a critical source of energy storage for a large fraction of humanity which relies on it for heating and cooking...

Microbe has huge role in ocean life, carbon cycle

...terested in SAR11, Giovannoni said, because of the critical role it plays in geochemistry. Photosynthesis is a process used by plants to convert sunlight energy into organic molecules, creating the foundation of the food chain and producing oxygen. About half of photosynthesis and the resulting oxygen on Eart...

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