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Tag: "critical" at biology news

ORNL, UC Berkeley unravel real-world clues to Earth's mysteries

...lack the diversity found in nature, so potentially critical community and environmental interactions go unsamp...bial community," Hettich said. "To do this, it was critical that we bring together researchers with expertise in biology and ecology of microbial communities, a...

Montreal researchers probe the genetic basis of memory

...e first genetic evidence that protein synthesis is critical for the regulation of memory formation. This new discovery is the fruit of an international collaboration. The work of McGill researchers Nahum Sonenberg, Karim Nader, Wayne Sossin and Claudio Cuello, Jean-Claude Lacaille and Nabil Seidah of the Un...

Scripps research scientists solve structure of a critical innate immune system protein

..., an essential step toward fully understanding the critical role this protein--and other TLRs--play in the hum...against fungal infections. In humans, TLRs play a critical role in the immune system because they are the molecules responsible for detecting some of the antig...

Biologists determine genetic blueprint of social amoeba

...doctoral fellow in Loomis' laboratory, initiated a critical portion of the effort when they began the arduous task of constructing a physical map of the genes located on the six chromosomes of Dictyostelium. The scientists mapped the location of several hundred genes on those chromosomes based on landmarks t...

How monarch butterflies are wired for navigation

...at has become an anathema to cancer-wary humans is critical for butterfly navigation. Also, the researchers we...terfly's eye and the creature's circadian clock--a critical link if the butterflies are to compensate for the time of day in using their "sun compass." The res...

Scientists find microRNAs regulate plant development

...porting the notion that regulation by microRNAs is critical for normal plant growth. Dr. Catherine Bellini at The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Umeå, Sweden and colleagues at several other institutions noticed that the ago1 mutant failed to form adventitious roots - a type of root that develo...

Unexpected lock and key mechanism found for the assembly of tumor blood vessels

A critical lock and key mechanism that allows the final step in the completion of new blood vessel formation has been identified by a University of California, San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine team in research that promises to lead to a new way to halt tumor...

Gifts from the sea

...dying surf clams have made discoveries that may be critical to understanding diseases such as cancer; progeria, a disease that causes children to age unusually quickly; and muscular dystrophy. For a list of MBL researchers and the organisms they use, or for further information on summer research and educatio...

USC researchers determine mechanism of action of chemotherapy drug

...ads to the death of cancer cells via disruption of critical enzymes needed for cell survival and replication. "We have increased the understanding of this drug's mechanism of action," Hacia said of the study, adding that it also may "provide support for the hypothesis that agents that disrupt metabolism and ...

Microscopic brain imaging in the palm of your hand

... certain deep-tissue areas of the brain, which are critical to understanding Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, for example. Scientists often use some form of fluorescence microscopy to image tissue. In conventional "one-photon" fluorescence imaging, the scientist injects a dye into tissue and then shines ...

Researchers track down cause of a disfiguring bone disorder

... located far away from the genes they regulate are critical for normal gene expression and are capable of leading to dramatic abnormal phenotypes (individual characteristics, such as diseases or defects) if altered or deleted." To investigate the misregulation of the SOST gene, Loots and her colleagues genet...

'Punctuated' evolution in the human genome

...n close proximity to the centromere, which plays a critical role in chromosomal separation during cell division. Pericentromeric regions contain an abundance of segmental duplications, which are large DNA sequences that exhibit strong similarity to the euchromatic ancestral loci from which they were copied. A...

New type of rejection blocker protects kidneys after transplant

... results of this study, considering that we have a critical shortage of organs for transplant," Vincenti said. Kidney transplant is the preferred treatment for most people with end-stage kidney failure. The United Network for Organ Sharing reports that more than 16,000 Americans received a kidney transplant ...

New Discovery May Help Doctors Treat Infertility

...These new data indicate that this receptor plays a critical role in ovulation, and suggests that women who do not have this receptor may benefit more from alternative infertility treatments. The findings are reported in Endocrinology, published in August, 2005. “What we found is that the beta estrogen recept...

Insulin pulses keep the liver lean

...ggest that periods of fasting between meals play a critical role in maintaining a lean and healthy liver by allowing insulin levels to rise and fall, said study lead author Sonia Najjar of the Medical University of Ohio. Furthermore, she said, the results emphasize the central role of the liver in metabolic ...

Overbearing colored light may reveal a second mechanism by which birds interpret magnetic signals

Magnetic orientation is critical to the migratory success of many bird species. By studying the influence of light on the ability of migratory birds to orient to magnetic signals, researchers have found clues to suggest that birds' orientation abilities may be more complex than prev...

Nicotine triggers the same brain reward circuitry as opiates

...t of opioid receptor antagonist administration are critical for determining the effectiveness of blocking nicotine reward . . . . Given the results reported here, clinical studies designed to evaluate administration of opioid antagonists just prior to cues associated with smoking could lead to a more promisin...

Researchers devise new technique for creating human stem cells

...in South Korea and other countries are doing -- is critical if we are to maintain the progress necessary to realize the extraordinary clinical potential of this technology." Eggan added that the most realistic current promise of the fusion technique is in studying the machinery of genetic reprogramming of so...

NIH renews network focused on how genes influence drug responses

...nce our responses to medicines, the PGRN is making critical advances that will maximize the benefits of treatment while minimizing adverse side effects. This will ultimately improve patient outcomes and reduce health care costs," said NIH Director Elias A. Zerhouni, MD. The network is supported by nine NIH ...

NIH creates nationwide network of molecular libraries screening centers

...l program to jumpstart the roadmap effort. Another critical component of the network is the Molecular Libraries Small Molecule Repository, located in San Francisco at Discovery Partners International, a drug discovery research firm. The repository houses the collection of small molecules that will be used for...

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