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Tag: "cortex" at biology news

Cortex matures faster in youth with highest IQ

...he researchers found that the relationship between cortex thickness and IQ varied with age, particularly in ...olds tended to start out with a relatively thinner cortex that thickened rapidly, peaking by age 11 or 12 before thinning. In their peers with average IQ, an ...

Mapping alcohol brain damage

...d out is, what's different in the superior frontal cortex [front of brain] when you compare alcoholics with controls, that's not different in a spared area of the brain," Dr Dodd said. "In that way we can start to find those messages that show altered expression in the area of the brain that shows the pat...

MIT researcher presents new view of how the cortex forms

...ories of brain development are dead. The cerebral cortex is a sheet of around 10 billion neurons divided in...espectively, that the task-specific regions of the cortex are spawned by a zone of "originator" cells; or that long nerve fibers from the thalamus, a large ov...

Meditation associated with structural changes in brain

...g that meditation could reduce the thinning of the cortex that typically occurs with aging. "The area where we see these differences is involved in both the modulation of functions like heart rate and breathing and also the integration of emotion with thought and reward-based decision making ?a central sw...

Finding the mind's eye

...ded targets are confined to areas in the occipital cortex beyond human V1/V2," is available in the Nov. 8 issue of the weekly journal, The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Tse's findings help to explain what part of the brain is at work in turning sight into understanding. Tse, who is curr...

Carnegie Mellon scientists create PNA molecule with potential to build nanodevices

...old adult humans. In four different regions of the cortex (the brain region responsible for higher functions... aging (namely, that the more metabolically active cortex should have a greater reduction in gene activity), this is the first demonstration that age-related ...

Navigating the brain for sense of direction as paradigm for higher cognitive functions

...old adult humans. In four different regions of the cortex (the brain region responsible for higher functions... aging (namely, that the more metabolically active cortex should have a greater reduction in gene activity), this is the first demonstration that age-related ...

Gene Expression in the Aging Brain

...old adult humans. In four different regions of the cortex (the brain region responsible for higher functions... aging (namely, that the more metabolically active cortex should have a greater reduction in gene activity), this is the first demonstration that age-related ...

MIT researcher finds neuron growth in adult brain

... several weeks in the surface layers of the visual cortex in living mice. While many studies have focused on the pyramidal neurons that promote firing, this work looked at all types of neurons, including interneurons, which inhibit the activity of cortical neurons. With the help of technology similar to ...

A new window into structural plasticity in the adult visual cortex

...us monitoring of neurons in the mouse adult visual cortex over the course of a few months, revealing that th...ed a glass window over the two areas of the visual cortex in four- to six-week-old mice. These mice express fluorescent protein in neocortical neurons, allow...

Research Permits First-Ever Visualization of Psychological Stress in the Human Brain

...gative emotions. On the other hand, the prefrontal cortex is also associated with the ability to perform executive functions -- such as working memory and goal-oriented behavior -- that permit humans to adapt to environmental challenges and threats. "The message from this study is that while stress may be u...

Brains response to visual stimuli helps us to focus on what we should see, rather than all there is to see

...specific types of inhibitory neurons in the visual cortex of a rat brain are wired to, and "talk" with, disc...ple, in vision, inhibitory responses in the visual cortex help people to focus on what they want to see, rather than all there is to see, he explained. This ...

Human cerebellum and cortex age in very different ways

...ain appear to age in radically different ways: The cortex used in higher-level thought undergoes more extens...prised both by the homogeneity of aging within the cortex and by the dramatic differences in aging between cortex and cerebellum," says Joshua B. Plotkin, a j...

Researchers use brain scans to predict behavior

...olved in prediction included regions in the visual cortex involved in the analysis of the motion display and regions involved in the control of visual attention. "These activations may reflect the degree to which subjects variably directed attention on each trial to the location of the stimulus prior to i...

Out of sight, out of mind? Not necessarily

...etic pulses, was applied to the volunteers' visual cortex -- the area at the back of the brain that processe... the study. "Even though the human primary visual cortex activity was temporarily shut down, it's clear that detailed visual information was still being proc...

Brain networks change according to cognitive task

...or each of the studied tasks: the lateral temporal cortex (LTC) for the rhyming task and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) for the spelling task. In addition to the task-specific regions, the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the fusiform gyrus (FG) were engaged by both tasks. Dynamic Causal Modeling, the new ...

Study charts origins of fear

...t region. "By identifying NR2B in the pre-frontal cortex of the brain, we propose that fear memory originates from a network of receptors, rather than one simple area," Zhuo says. "It is more complex than previously thought." The next step, according to Zhuo, is to determine how NR2B directly affects memo...

Methamphetamine Abuse, HIV Infection Cause Changes in Brain Structure

...th increases in the volume of the brain’s parietal cortex (which helps people to understand and pay attentio...iated with prominent volume losses in the cerebral cortex (involved in higher thought, reasoning, and memory), basal ganglia, and hippocampus (involved in mem...

Scientists uncover new clues about brain function in human behavior

...e. "We had previously seen that the orbitofrontal cortex is structurally abnormal in Williams Syndrome, but...erman. "The over-activity of the medial-prefrontal cortex may be compensatory, but the result is still an abnormal fear response. The medial-prefrontal cortex...

Investigating 'brain shrinkage' in alcoholics

...The outer layer of brain, also called the cerebral cortex or gray matter, controls most complex mental activ...y of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. "The cortex is filled with nerve cells, also called neurons, that connect by single long fibres to different cor...

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