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Tag: "cortex" at biology news

Nicotine exposure during development leads to hearing problems

...encies of sound. They found that nicotine made the cortex much more responsive to sound if the rats had not had exposure to nicotine during their early development. In the case of previous exposure, there was no increased sensitivity to sound. According to Metherate, this occurs most likely because the nico...

Cell phone emissions excite the brain cortex

...omagnetic fields from cell phones excite the brain cortex adjacent to it, with potential implications for in...asured Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs) during motor cortex TMS before, and immediately after EMF exposure, and also one hour later. In 12 of the 15 subjects,...

Study reveals how ADHD drugs work in brain

...rt that ADHD drugs primarily target the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a region of the brain that is associated with attention, decision-making and an individual's expression of personality. The finding could prove invaluable in the search for new ADHD treatments, and comes amidst deep public concern over the wi...

Everything in its place: Researchers identify brain cells used to categorize images

...neurons in a part of the brain called the parietal cortex encode the category, or meaning, of familiar visua...vidual neurons (brain cells) and that the parietal cortex is a part of the brain circuitry that learns and recognizes the meaning of the things that we see. ...

Memory loss affects more of the brain than previously thought

...owed a lower level of activation in the prefrontal cortex (during formation and retrieval), left hippocampus (during retrieval) and left cerebellum (during formation) and an increased level of activation in the posterior frontal lobes (during retrieval). "These findings suggest that we should be paying clo...

Ritalin packs punch by elevating norepinephrine, suppressing nerve signal transmissions

...ncy sensory responses in the primary somatosensory cortex of awake rats," by Philadelphia-based researchers Candice Drouin, University of Pennsylvania; Michelle Page, Thomas Jefferson University; and Barry Waterhouse, Drexel University College of Medicine appears online in the Journal of Neurophysiology, pu...

Experimental drug reverses key cognitive deficits, pathology in Alzheimer's

...receptors, are abundant in areas of the brain--the cortex and hippocampus--known to develop severe deposits ...ls of both pathological plaques and tangles in the cortex and hippocampus, but not in the amygdala. In experiments that demonstrated the central role of M1 r...

'Prosthetic' retinal cells let blind mice see light

...erated signals that were transmitted to the visual cortex of the animals' brains. "With this strategy, the ...ined whether the light signals reaching the visual cortex could be interpreted as vision. Also, the algal protein is less sensitive to light than is the norma...

Imaging study links key genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease to myelin breakdown

...ing plaques and tangles visible years later in the cortex of Alzheimer patients. The Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype is the second most influential Alzheimer risk factor, after only advanced age. The study used MRI to assess myelin breakdown in 104 healthy individuals between ages 55 and 75 and determine...

Understanding the actions of others requires the frontal cortex

By stimulating the frontal cortex in adults, researchers have shown that this part o...or less than a second, to test the role of frontal cortex in tasks other than language. The findings are reported in the March 7th issue of Current Biology. ...

Face perception is modulated by sexual orientation

...ork for face perception includes regions in visual cortex that process the identification of individuals as ...pressions are processed; and regions in prefrontal cortex and the reward circuitry, where the assessment of facial beauty is processed. Numerous studies have ...

Morning grogginess more debilitating than sleep deprivation, according to CU-Boulder study

...wn cortical areas of the brain like the prefrontal cortex take longer to come "on-line" following sleep than...r areas of the brain, Wright said. The prefrontal cortex is thought to be responsible for problem solving, emotion and complex thought. The CU-Boulder study...

Watching the brain switch off 'self'

...gregated. Sensory processing activated the sensory cortex and related structures, while introspection activa...found that activity in the self-related prefrontal cortex was silenced during intense sensory processing. As a result, wrote the researchers, "We propose tha...

'Word-vision' brain area confirmed

...ientists have hotly debated whether an area of the cortex called the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) is truly a...s or tumors, which often affect a larger extent of cortex and white matter. The small size of the present lesion thus provides precious support to the idea of...

Why nerve cells work faster than the theory allows

...d, by which rules, the nerve cells in the cerebral cortex decide to send out impulses. They surprisingly fo...f action potentials in nerve cells of the cerebral cortex of the mammal brain. They were able to show that action potentials are initiated extremely rapid her...

Aggression-related gene weakens brain's impulse control circuits

...oral impulses. This region was, conspicuously, the cortex area that was most reduced in volume. The findi...lly weaker connections between the orbital frontal cortex and amygdala in all men, say the researchers. "Heightened sensitivity in brain circuits important ...

Engineered mouse mimics cognitive aspects of schizophrenia

...In particular, the relative size of the prefrontal cortex that is involved in the cognitive deficits is much smaller in rodents than in primates. Some of the cognitive symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions are impossible to address. "However, rodent models have the advantage of allowing direct test...

In the mind's eye: How the brain makes a whole out of parts

..., based on recordings of nerve cells in the visual cortex of macaque monkeys, reveals that neurons in the higher-level visual cortex at first respond to a visual stimulus "somewhat indiscriminately," signaling all the individual feat...

Attention shoppers: Researchers find neurons that encode the value of different goods

...population of neurons located in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) that assigns values to different goods on a common value scale. Assigning values on a common scale allows comparing goods, like apples and oranges, that otherwise lack a natural basis for comparison. Previous work in other laboratories showed...

Neurons find their place in the developing nervous system with the help of a sticky molecule

...art of the brain known as the cerebral cortex. The cortex sits like a skullcap over the rest of the brain and is responsible for sensory perception, higher-level reasoning, and, in humans, language. In mammals, the largest and evolutionarily newest part of the cortex, the neocortex, is recognized anatomical...

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