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Tag: "copy" at biology news

Parental genes do what's best for baby

... imprinting ?only use one parent’s copy; the spare copy from the other parent is silenced by a chemical st... gain from inheriting two sets of genes. If one copy of a gene is damaged, for instance, then the second copy can compensate; imprinted genes lose this s...

Wheat gene may boost foods' nutrient content

...eat varieties analyzed so far have a nonfunctional copy of GPC-B1, suggesting that this gene was lost during the domestication of wheat. Therefore, the reintroduction of the functional gene from the wild species into commercial wheat varieties has the potential to increase the nutritional value of a l...

New technology used to construct the first map of structural variation in the human genome

...new experimental and algorithmic methods to detect copy number variants (CNVs)--defined as large deletions...entists have struggled to accurately determine CNV copy number and to precisely define the boundaries of CNVs in the genome. Two papers published today in ...

Beyond the book: Software automates access to brain atlases

...ght and also making sure that the user has a valid copy of Adobe illustrator, and then using a JavaScript program converting the files into a standard vector graphic (SVG) format. The SVG images are stored on the users system and organized using the software, which works on Linux, Windows and Macintosh op...

Scientists discover role for dueling RNAs

...witch can be catastrophic. If a cell with only one copy of each chromosome (a haploid cell) is forced into meiosis, the progeny won't survive. Fortunately, such destructive meiotic division is avoided in haploid cells because they continually produce IME4 antisense RNA, blocking the production of sense RN...

Nanotech tools yield DNA transcription breakthrough

... known as RNA polymerase, which synthesizes an RNA copy of the information in DNA. Two papers by Ebright and collaborators in the Nov. 17 issue of the journal Science define for the first time the mechanisms by which the machine begins synthesis of RNA and then breaks free from its initial binding sit...

Molecular 'signature' protects cells from viruses

...riate command is 'copied' in the cell nucleus. The copy consists of a DNA-like substance, the RNA. Via pores in the cell nucleus it reaches the cell plasma. The individual parts of the desired protein are put together there on a kind of assembly line. In this process the assembly line follows exactly the ...

Regulating the nuclear architecture of the cell

...processes on the other." Since DNA pieces that copy themselves must use RNA intermediates, these can be disabled by RNA interference. Transposons are also silenced by accumulating in the transcriptionally-silent heterochromatin, which Karpen calls "a graveyard of transposons." While the gene for t...

Inheritance outside DNA

...ing is a type of epigenetic change that causes one copy of a particular gene to be turned off, depending o... instructions related to the parent from whom that copy was inherited but without altering the DNA. Abnormal methylation patterns in cancerous cells wer...

Key to lung cancer chemo resistance revealed

...ition, half of the tissue samples were missing one copy of the KEAP1 gene - cells usually have two copies of each gene. No missing genes or mutations were observed in normal lung tissues from the same patients. NRF2 activity along with its cleansing proteins and enzymes were higher in tumor samples th...

Mayo researchers discover HIV dependence on a human protein

... itself, it uses its integrase protein to insert a copy of its genome into a chromosome. That copy becomes a permanent archive of the virus's genetic program, like a tiny file burned onto a computer ...

RNA map provides first comprehensive understanding of alternative splicing

...A splicing is the process by which the initial RNA copy of a gene, known as pre-mRNA, is pieced together to produce a mature mRNA that codes for cellular proteins. In alternative splicing, different pieces of this pre-mRNA, called exons, are stitched together to produce different mRNAs, and thus different...

Peering into the shadow world of RNA

...s retrotransposons, have the remarkable ability to copy themselves into RNA, translate themselves back int...olutionary history, this ability of transposons to copy themselves to new locations has helped them to dramatically expand their representation in the mamma...

Sequencing of the oyster mushroom genome

...valent copies, given that this fungus has a double copy of each chromosome ?as humans do. However, the project of sequencing the complete genome involves the handling of a volume of 280 million letters, given the fact that each one of the two sets of genes has to be read several times in order to ensure a...

New clues to how sex evolves

... gametes, or sex cells, each of which has only one copy of each chromosome instead of the two copies most cells carry. During meiosis a cell replicates and then divides twice, resulting in sperm or eggs with just one set of chromosomes each. For meiosis to work properly, corresponding chromosomes must...

Gene linked with mental illness shapes brain region, researchers find

... person can have two copies of the short gene, one copy each of the short and long, or two copies of the long gene. It is estimated that about 17 percent of the population has two copies of the SERT-s gene. People carrying two SERT-s genes are more sensitive to emotional stimuli and more likely to expe...

Protein averts cell suicide but might contribute to cancer

...or to cell division, thus forcing these enzymes to copy damaged DNA. How these bypass enzymes work, however, isn't known. The Dpo4 protein used in this research comes from a microorganism. It is relatively easy to produce in large quantities and to study, and it is similar to one of the four such enzy...

Drug treatment improves learning in mice with Down syndrome symptoms, Stanford/Packard study shows

...de have Down syndrome, which is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. It is the leading cause of mental retardation in the country, and it is also associated with childhood heart disease, leukemia and early onset Alzheimer’s disease. The researchers used a mouse model of Down syndrome for their study ...

Reactivated gene shrinks tumors

...ll as gene therapy techniques that introduce a new copy of the p53 gene into tumor cells. One class of potential drugs now under investigation, known as nutlins, acts by interfering with MDM2, an enzyme that keeps p53 levels low. In follow-up studies, the MIT researchers are looking at other types of c...

Making mice with enhanced color vision

...searchers designed a "knock-in" mouse that has one copy of its medium wavelength receptor replaced with the human long wavelength receptor, so both were expressed in the retina. The human receptors were biologically functional in the mice, but the real question was whether the mice could use the new visua...

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