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Tag: "copy" at biology news

UF scientists restore sight to chickens with blinding disease

...able to infect photoreceptors, delivering a normal copy of the GC1 gene to these cells. Using a very fine glass needle, they injected the viral vector into the developing nervous system of a chicken embryo through a tiny hole in the eggshell. The shell was resealed and the egg was incubated to hatching to...

The molecular mechanism of a diabetes vaccine revealed

...cular activity of p277 with such precision, we can copy nature's own system in regulating the immune system and therefore, help to boost the immune system in preventing the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic cells," says Cohen. Postdoctoral fellow Dr. Alexandra Zanin-Zhorov spearheaded the proje...

Heal thyself: Systems biology model reveals how cells avoid becoming cancerous

...se several alternate methods to substitute a clean copy of genetic material. "It's almost as if cells have something akin to a computer program that becomes activated by DNA damage, and that program enables the cells to respond very quickly," said Mak. "And this program is easily recognizable as operatin...

New light microscope sharpens scientists' focus

...niques allow researchers to attach a label to each copy of a protein they wish to study. Ordinary optical microscopes can detect these molecules, although Hess describes their appearance under the microscope as "little fuzzy round balls." As Betzig's work in the early nineties had shown, pinpointing the c...

Researchers find cause of frontotemporal dementia

...0% of the protein to be produced, because only one copy of the gene is active. Therefore, FTD patients produce less progranulin than healthy individuals. It has already been shown that too much progranulin leads to cancer ?now, these researchers are revealing that too little progranulin underlies FTD. ...

When it comes to gene transcription, random pauses aren’t quite so random, study finds

...(RNAP), which has the unique ability to faithfully copy genetic information from DNA. In fact, all organisms--from bacteria to people--depend on RNAP to initiate the complex process of protein synthesis. Despite its crucial role in cell biology, fundamental questions remain about how the RNAP enzyme actua...

Chimpanzee study reveals genome variation hotspots

...all species. "We found that chimpanzees have many copy number variants -- duplications or deletions of la...erry, who is the study's lead author, says: "These copy number variants may be very significant from an evolutionary perspective, and they're important to s...

Metal homeostasis research in plants will lead to nutrient-rich food and higher yielding crops

...essed in plants that no longer express a wild type copy of IRT1, the engineered allele allows these plants to take up iron and renders them resistant to Cadmium. Transgenic seedlings have Cadmium levels similar to that of IRT1 loss of function plants, demonstrating that Cadmium transport through IRT1 has ...

Parallel evolution: Proteins do it, too

... why, Zhang wondered. "The guess is that the old copy is still doing something important," he said. "RNA...rading double-stranded RNA. After duplication, one copy seems to retain the activity of degrading double-stranded RNA while the other copy has adapted to ch...

DNA to the defense

...s, which in T. brucei , are hemizygous: only one copy of this region is present in the chromosome. In contrast, the gene-rich cores of T. brucei chromosomes are diploid, meaning that the standard two copies are present. "The main observation from our work is that subtelomeres can dominate a chrom...

Potato blight pathogenicity explained by genome plasticity

... pi3.4 , that was present as a single, full-length copy in both the virulent and avirulent strains. They also identified multiple copies of pi3.4 only in the avirulent strain ?but, interestingly, these copies represented only part of the pi3.4 gene. The authors speculate that the partial gene copies...

What controls stickiness of 'smart' chromosomal glue

...re that sperm and eggs begin life with exactly one copy of each chromosome ?a process that must be exquisitely regulated to prevent problems such as miscarriages and mental retardation. The new work reveals how gluelike protein complexes release pairs of chromosomes at precisely the moment of meiosis ?the...

Scientists discover new regulating mechanism in cells

...ess to make most proteins. First, the cell makes a copy of a gene. The copy is called messenger RNA, or mRNA, and it describes the structure of the needed protein. Next, the mR...

'Smart' genetic therapy helps the body to heal itself

...uron genes (SMN1) is deleted, but they all carry a copy gene (SMN2). However, this only produces about 10% of the correct protein; insufficient to prevent the diseases. The severity of the SMA is influenced by the number of SMN2 genes, which normally vary between one and four ?the more copies there ar...

Why mice don't get cancer of the retina

... BMC Biology, explains why humans with a defective copy of the Retinoblastoma gene RB1 are at high risk of developing cancer of the retina, or retinoblastoma, whereas mice with a similar genetic profile do not develop the cancer. Stacy Donovan and Brett Schweers from St Jude Children's Research Hospital...

Mobile DNA part of evolution's toolbox

...olleagues then looked at a particular example -- a copy of the ultraconserved element that is near a gene ...rvous systems, as would be expected if the LF-SINE copy were regulating the activity of ISL1. The discoverer of mobile DNA elements, Barbara McClintock, ...

Researchers find that bumblebees' flower choice matters

...ach of the plants in the garden to create an exact copy of each population. Imagine having 20 sets of identical twins, he says, and dividing them into two groups that are exact copies of one another. That is what Karron has done with his garden, only he has produced many identical sets so that he can su...

Inheriting a tendency to brain infection

...hion. That is, an individual need inherit only one copy of the mutation to show the predisposition. In his opinion, scientists will increasingly need to view common infectious diseases through the lens of such primary immunodeficiencies. "Understanding the genetic basis of the failure of the immune sys...

Stem cell expansion

...HOXB4 overexpression through introducing an active copy of the gene into the cells. However, because HOXB4 protein is available in recombinant form (i.e. produced in cell culture, much like human insulin), it should be possible to treat HSCs directly with the protein, avoiding the potential problems assoc...

Fire ant-attacking fly spreading rapidly in Texas

... of day and on season and so forth. Our goal is to copy what we believe to be nature's complex control system." Gilbert and his colleagues are looking at the fire ant-fly relationship in parts of Argentina that are similar to habitats in Texas. "It is rewarding to see the first species expanding over ...

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