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Tag: "copy" at biology news

Gene therapy reverses genetic mutation responsible for heart failure in muscular dystrophy

...ecting a very high dose of AAV-8 carrying a normal copy of the delta-sarcoglycan gene intravenously into 10-day-old and adult LGMD hamsters, Dr. Xiao and his colleagues found that it had been systemically incorporated into skeletal, diaphragm and cardiac muscle cells in both groups. More importantly, card...

Study provides insight into cellular defenses against genetic mutation

...leic acids (RNA). Messenger RNA (mRNA), a modified copy of DNA, is transported to cellular factories called ribosomes that receive instructions for building proteins by "reading" mRNA templates. Over time, genes evolve to show changes in their makeup. Some changes, or mutations, have no impact, some prov...

Gene therapy works in mice to prevent blindness that strikes boys

...sful in curing a disease in mice that has a direct copy in humans," said Hauswirth, who, in conjunction with UF, has interest in a biotechnology company that may seek to market some of the research technology. "It may take two to five years before we try this in human patients because of the need for safe...

Customized gene chip provides rapid detection of genetic changes in children's cancer

... loss of heterozygosity (LOH), the deletion of one copy of a pair of genes. When the gene involved is a tumor suppressor gene, LOH removes a brake on uncontrolled cell growth, the growth that is the hallmark of cancer. Researchers in Dr. Maris' laboratory previously established that LOH in a region of ch...

HIV inserts into human genome using a DNA-associated protein

... reverse transcriptase and then integrate that DNA copy into the DNA of the host, using the integrase enzyme. The new viral particles are made by transcription of the viral genome, as with any cellular genes. If the cell divides, the viral DNA is copied and inherited, along with cellular human genes. Bu...

Regenerating worms help elucidate stem cell biology

... divide, they produce at least two cell types ?one copy of the original, and one cell that can develop into a specialized cell to replace a lost cell elsewhere in the body. The researchers found that without piwi, the daughter cells from this division failed to differentiate into a specialized cell on...

Mammalian Transcriptome Mapped

...tides, is made by enzymes as an exact base-to-base copy of DNA. Since DNA is double-stranded, only one of these strands, the so-called sense strand, encodes for proteins. In normal DNA transcription, the two strands are split apart, and only the sense strand is copied. The other DNA strand, the "antisense...

Building a better mouse model of lung cancer: FHIT counts

...ty bred two strains of mice, one that had only one copy of the FHIT gene, and another that lacked both cop...n tumors, 17 percent of the mice that had lost one copy of the gene developed malignant tumors and all of the tumors in the mice that lost both copies of th...

Normal chromosome ends elicit a limited DNA damage response

...ravel when enzymes need to gain access in order to copy the chromosome's DNA in preparation for cell division. And if so, they wondered, why didn't the presumably exposed chromosome ends trigger a DNA damage response? Turns out they do, at least to a limited extend. "During a small window right after ...

Embryonic stem cells accrue genetic changes

...in the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences and copy numbers, the researchers examined whether the cells' genetic material had shifts in marks that sit on genes and are passed from cell to cell during cell division. These so-called epigenetic marks -- in this case methyl groups on a gene region known a...

A little telomerase isn't enough

...Yang Hao, then a graduate student, knocked out one copy of the telomerase gene in non-laboratory mice, who...lso carried just one telomerase copy. (Because one copy of each gene is inherited from each parent, only 50 percent of the offspring would be expected to en...

Gene therapy for muscular dystrophy fixes frail muscle cells in animal model, Stanford study finds

...searchers used gene therapy to introduce a healthy copy of the gene dystrophin into mice with a condition that mimics muscular dystrophy. The dystrophin gene is mutated and as a result produces a defective protein in the roughly 20,000 people in the United States with the most common form of the disease. ...

New technique multiplies life span in simple organisms

...entists have known for several years that an extra copy of the SIR2 gene can promote longevity in yeast, worms and fruit flies. That finding was covered widely and incorporated into anti-aging drug development programs at several biotechnology companies. Now, molecular geneticists at the University of S...

New view of cancer: 'Epigenetic' changes come before mutations

...n epigenetic problem that improperly turned on the copy of the IGF2 gene that should have remained off. Feinberg and his colleagues propose that cancers develop via a three-step process. First, there is an epigenetic disruption of progenitor cells within an organ or tissue, altered by abnormal regulation...

Researchers quantify more noise in gene expression

...ng in unison." Intrinsic noise resulting from low copy numbers of molecules has been the focus of earlier... because they are expressed in yeast cells in high copy numbers, a feature that makes intrinsic noise in their expression statistically insignificant. By ma...

Fitting in: Newly evolved genes adopt a variety of strategies to remain in the gene pool

...evolution When Mother Nature creates an identical copy of a gene in an organism's genome, the duplicated copy is usually deleted, inactivated, or otherwise rendered nonfunctional in order to prevent genetic red...

Scientists sequence DNA of woolly mammoth

...s it is more tractable due to its 1000-fold higher copy number per cell. However, the mitochondrial genome codes for only a tiny fraction of an organism's genetic information -- 0.0006 percent in the case of a mammal. In contrast, most hereditary information is organized on chromosomes located in the c...

From one cell, many possible cures

...s the ability to divide so as to produce a perfect copy of itself; the copy then can become a "workhorse" cell, such as a bone or nerve cell. Because the stem cell produced by ...

NIH launches comprehensive effort to explore cancer genomics

...her types of larger-scale genomic changes, such as copy number changes and/or chromosomal translocations, that contribute to cancer development and/or progression. These data from TCGA Centers will be deposited in public databases supported by NCI's cancer Biomedical Informatics Grid (caBIG TM ) and the ...

Birth defects: 8 million annually worldwide

...a greater proportion of the population carries one copy of a gene for an inherited disease that confers some protection against malaria -- specifically, sickle cell, thalassemia, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD). When two carriers of these diseases have offspring, there is a 25 per...

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