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Tag: "convert" at biology news

Producing bio-ethanol from agricultural waste a step closer

...lephant faeces) into baker's yeast, allowing it to convert an important sugar type, xylose, into ethanol, thereby making the production of bio-ethanol from supplies of leftover materials possible. During his recent PhD research, Marko Kuyper greatly improved this method: people can now start using agricult...

Prion find points way to test for human 'mad cow' disease

...ch greatly accelerates the process by which prions convert normal proteins to misshapen infectious forms. "With this method, for the first time we have detected prions in what we call the silent phase of infection, which in humans can last up to 40 years," said Soto, senior author of the Science paper. "Th...

UCLA study finds same genes act differently in males and females

...ply that gender regulates how quickly the body can convert DNA to proteins," said Yang. "This suggests that gender influences how disease develops." The gender differences in gene expression also varied by tissue. Affected genes were typically those most involved in the organ's function, suggesting that g...

DOE publishes research roadmap for developing cleaner fuels

...sugars, and optimizing the fermentation process to convert sugars to ethanol. Cellulosic ethanol is derived from the fibrous, woody and generally inedible portions of plant matter (biomass). The focus of the research plan is to use advances in biotechnology -- first developed in the Human Genome Project an...

Biofuels researcher searches for new sources

... to screen chemicals and enzymes that pretreat and convert biomass into sugars. "Biomass energy can contribute to cleaner air through reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. It can alsoimprove rural economies, and reduce energy dependence on foreign petroleum oils," said Ralph Peck, director of the Institut...

Compound in dairy products targets diabetes

... take linoleic acids ?fatty acids from plants ?and convert them into conjugated linoleic acids, or CLA," says Jack Vanden Heuvel, professor of molecular toxicology in Penn State's College of Agricultural Sciences and co-director of Penn State's Center of Excellence in Nutrigenomics. Researchers first be...

Scientific issues associated with carbon-neutral energy sources such as cellulosic ethanol

...out the world capture the sun's (solar) energy and convert it to bio-chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. There are vast energy supplies of renewable plant biomass growing throughout the nation and world. There is widespread interest in returning to the use of plants as widely used sources of ...

Scientists take 'snapshots' of enzyme action

...g monooxygenases (FMOs) and cytochrome P450s -- to convert these compounds to soluble forms that can be easily excreted. "For FMOs, the end result -- that an oxygen atom gets added to make these compounds soluble -- is simple," Swaminathan says, "but the reactions require additional participants, or cofacto...

Brain-computer link lets paralyzed patients convert thoughts into actions

...he researchers study the data and build filters to convert patterns of neural spikes into two- dimensional commands. "Training patients to move things with their minds is different with each patient," said Maryam Saleh, who worked with the first two patients as a Cyberkinetics technician and is now a docto...

Small molecule interactions were central to the origin of life

...action, linked to a free energy source, that helps convert an unorganized mixture into a organized, self-regulated metabolic network. "If we wish a more plausible origin of life, then we must work with the assumption that life began, somehow, among one of the mixtures of simple organic molecules that are p...

HIV-1's high virulence might be an accident of evolution

... somehow dampen the response, it might effectively convert the condition to the more chronic, asymptomatic infection seen in monkeys." Further studies by the team will examine whether SIVs carrying Nef genes artificially made incapable of limiting T cell activation might become more pathogenic in their natu...

Scientists identify protein with a crucial role in cell death

...d energy. And this is what the mitochondria ?which convert oxygen into the necessary energy ?are responsible ...out mice have a normal development and are able to convert oxygen into energy, they have apparently lost their protection against apoptosis, and so the cells d...

Corn waste potentially more than ethanol

...." Logan's process uses a microbial fuel cell to convert organic material into electricity. Previous work has shown that these fuel cells can generate electricity from glucose and from municipal wastewater and that these cells can also directly generate hydrogen gas. Corn stalks and leaves, amassing 25...

The molecular mechanism of a diabetes vaccine revealed

...ing the production of insulin ?a hormone needed to convert sugar, starches, and other foods into energy. Several years ago, Prof. Cohen and colleagues developed a vaccine that arrests the progression of Type 1 diabetes in laboratory animals. They had discovered that a particular protein called HSP60, or eve...

Johns hopkins researchers find link between cell's energy use and genome health

...vest the energy contained in sugar, the yeast must convert the sugar into other molecules in a series of biochemical steps helped along the way by enzymes that make each step happen faster. Focusing on two of these enzymes, closely related to each other, the research team separately removed each from the y...

Finding a better way to make biodiesel

...cles can also be used as a catalyst to efficiently convert animal fats into biodiesel by creating a mixed oxi...alytic sites. Acidic catalysts on the particle can convert the free fatty acids to biodiesel while basic catalysts can convert the oils into fuel. And the par...

Survival of the selfless - scientists find cheats don't always prosper

...l apart from the genes that determine whether they convert energy from resources such as sugar rapidly or if they convert it efficiently. In one corner were the 'cooperators', which produce energy efficiently by taking i...

Mitochondrial DNA sequencing tool updated

...described as "cellular power plants," mitochondria convert organic materials into ATP, the cell's energy currency and without which life would cease. As early as the 1920s, scientists uncovered clues that mitochondria might play a role in causing cancer. But like the other DNA in the cell nucleus, scien...

Purdue creates new low-cost system to detect bacteria

...f the most important developments is being able to convert images to numbers, which makes it possible to clas...erns," Rajwa said. "We are able to take images and convert them to numbers that uniquely describe every picture." The researchers used the new system to clas...

Polymers show promise for lab-on-a-chip technology

...e often described as "artificial muscles" that can convert thermal, chemical and electromagnetic stimuli into mechanical energy, Elias said. LCPs are polymers made from liquid crystalline molecules, which are well-known for their use in display applications, such as laptop computer screens, where they are us...

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