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Tag: "conserved" at biology news

Chimp genome reveals a retroviral invasion

...appears therefore that the sequences have not been conserved from a common ancestor, but are specific to each lineage. PTERV1 contains three structural genes -- gag, pol, and env -- and regulatory sequences called long terminal repeats (LTRs). To further explore the evolutionary history of the retroviral elem...

Scientists analyze chromosomes 2 and 4

... important to human biology because they have been conserved throughout the evolution of mammals and birds, and work is now underway to figure out their exact functions. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes ?one less pair than chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and other great apes. For more than two decades, r...

Researchers Identify Cause of Early Bird Sleep Disorder

...ifferent regulatory mechanisms, despite the highly conserved nature of their individual components," the research team wrote in Nature. Such studies may help unravel some of the fundamental mysteries of how circadian rhythms are established and maintained in creatures that have evolved along very different pat...

New understanding of cell movement may yield ways to brake cancer's spread

...mals, from roundworms to mammals, and likely has a conserved function throughout species. Knowing exactly what triggers cellular migration can help develop treatments that halt cancer metastasis and immune disorders like arthritis and asthma. "Previous studies by us and others have identified how a migrating ...

Discovery could be key to bioterrorism defense

...osts and transmission greater. Ephrin-B2 is highly conserved in animals, and this finding sheds light on how these viruses can infest such a wide range of hosts. "In addition to our concern about Nipah and Hendra viruses as emerging global health and economic threats, we worry about their potential use as bio...

UI researcher studies deafness in fruit flies, humans

... specialized for hearing function, myosin VIIA, is conserved in these ears. In looking for clues to inherited deafness in humans, Eberl begins with the "love song" of the fruit fly. Although they may seem an odd choice, the fruit fly and its love song are very effective tools for learning about the molecular ...

Bioinformatics reveals new gene regulation system

... groups of bacteria, identifying not only a highly conserved signal sequence, but also the regulatory transcrip...re it divides to reproduce. The search revealed a conserved palindromic sequence occurring upstream of many ribonucleotide reductase (Nrd) genes. A genetic pali...

Biologists determine genetic blueprint of social amoeba

...telium and other genetic model organisms have been conserved or adapted through evolution in humans and other organisms. "The cells which gave rise to plants and animals had more types of genes available to them than are presently found in either plants or animals," explains William Loomis, a professor of bio...

Novel plague virulence factor identified

...odel of plague." Aballay said that these types of conserved virulence factors may regulate innate immunity in ...ovel Y. pestis virulence factors but also to study conserved innate immune responses to the bacterium," Aballay said. "This may help us in developing strategies ...

New Look at DNA Hints at Origin of UV Damage

...odel of plague." Aballay said that these types of conserved virulence factors may regulate innate immunity in ...ovel Y. pestis virulence factors but also to study conserved innate immune responses to the bacterium," Aballay said. "This may help us in developing strategies ...

Researchers track down cause of a disfiguring bone disorder

...discarded as organisms evolved. By introducing the conserved segments into cells similar to osteoblasts (bone-f...orming cells), the team found that a 250-base-pair conserved region named ECR5 was able to drive SOST expression. "This study represents a clear and unambiguous...

Carnegie Mellon University research reveals how cells process large genes

...s discovered in the fruit fly Drosophila, has been conserved over tens of millions of years of insect evolution...0 kilobases in length, and 92 percent of them were conserved over at least 25 million years of insect evolution. This discovery strongly suggests that recursive ...

Reversal of role for a viral protein associated with the development of lymphoma

...s discovered in the fruit fly Drosophila, has been conserved over tens of millions of years of insect evolution...0 kilobases in length, and 92 percent of them were conserved over at least 25 million years of insect evolution. This discovery strongly suggests that recursive ...

3D Atlas Will Help Navigate The Spinal Cord

...s. Because most of the neurochemical proteins are conserved across species, they are present not only in a particular group of nerve cells in the rat, but also in its homologue (corresponding structure) in the human. The study will, for the first time, comprehensively depict transverse and horizontal sections...

NHGRI Selects 13 More Organisms for Genome Sequencing

... human and other mammals. Sequences that have been conserved throughout evolution often reveal important functional regions of the human genome. Initial data show that using low-density sequencing for such comparisons is almost as effective as more costly, high-density sequencing. The eight mammals are: 13-lin...

Possible treatment found for 'chemobrain'

... human and other mammals. Sequences that have been conserved throughout evolution often reveal important functional regions of the human genome. Initial data show that using low-density sequencing for such comparisons is almost as effective as more costly, high-density sequencing. The eight mammals are: 13-lin...

miRNAs and musculature

...sophila mir-1 (Dmir-1). Mir-1 is an evolutionarily conserved miRNA, whose expression in mouse and humans is limited to heart and skeletal muscle. Strikingly, their study shows that, in Drosophila embryos, mir-1 expression is not required for mesodermal cell fate decisions or cell proliferation during embryoge...

Eleven gene 'signature' reliably predicts cancer prognosis

...cer. This work indicates that the presence of the conserved BMI-1-associated gene expression pathway that exists in a very malignant subset of human cancers predicts a marked predisposition toward metastasis and a high probability of poor therapy outcome. In an accompanying commentary, Gordon Mills and others...

MicroRNAs have shaped the evolution of the majority of mammalian genes

...nds of human genes contain microRNA sites that are conserved in this way. To the extent that evolution has pres...Grimson took mRNAs whose target sequences were not conserved and exposed them to microRNAs, which latched on without a problem. The experiment proved that a matc...

A bug's life: Exceptional genomic stability yet rapid protein evolution in a carpenter ant mutualist

...nes shared between the two genomes were completely conserved in terms of order and strand orientation. This is a remarkable observation, given that bacteria are particularly noted for their rapidly evolving genomes characterized by extensive recombination, gene transfer, inversion, and translocation. In compa...

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