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Tag: "conserved" at biology news

Plants, animals share molecular growth mechanisms

...time as multicellular life evolved, they have been conserved in both plants and animals, Szymanski said. So, some of the plant proteins that comprise the ARP2/3 and the WAVE complexes are interchangeable with proteins in animals. Others proteins are not interchangeable, and Szymanski's research team is delving...

Research advances quest for HIV-1 vaccine

...results suggest that 4E10 interacts with gp41 at a conserved region very close to the surface of the virus and they reveal some special characteristics of 4E10 that make it unusually effective at targeting this region. Drs. Burton and Wilson are members of a scientific consortium of laboratories, the Internat...

Ancient olfaction protein is shared by many bugs, offering new pest control target

... this gene's function appears to be evolutionarily conserved across very different insect species. Research by...arguing not only that the gene's sequence has been conserved over 250 million years of evolution but that the gene's function in olfaction has also been conserve...

Bound for destruction: Ubiquitination protects against improper Notch signaling

...e determination anddevelopmental processes, and is conserved in species from human toroundworm. In all processes in which it participates, Notch signalingshows the ability to sense a small change in cell fate and amplify it,acting as a sort of contrast enhancement mechanism in cell fatedetermination. Notch is...

Molecular machine may lead to new drugs to combat human diseases

...ability of cutting and pasting apparently has been conserved since life evolved. "It's thought that RNA, or a molecule related to RNA, possibly were the first biomolecules, because they are capable of both performing work and carrying around their own genetic code," Golden said. She and her research team use...

Researchers identify target for cancer drugs

...anisms such as the fruit fly. Finding this complex conserved in species as diverse as flies and humans supports the claim that the mTOR/rictor complex is indeed a missing piece of the puzzle. According to Sarbassov, "If we find a molecule that can block the mTOR/rictor complex, then we may be able to prevent ...

Critical role in programmed cell death identified

.... elegans, enhancing the view of how cell death is conserved from worms to humans. "Now it seems that there is really one way of killing cells and it involves these mitochondria. Using genetics, we could rigorously show that mitochondria are part of it. It unifies two different hypothesis and makes worms a gr...

Examination of internal 'wiring' of yeast, worm, and fly reveals conserved circuits

...tein "wiring" connections in one species are often conserved in all three. This first-of-its-kind analysis of t...racting Proteins for protein interactions that are conserved in the three most thoroughly studied species: yeast, worm, and fly,. The research team completed a ...

Unexpressed But Indispensable -- The DNA Sequences That Control Development

...go, the authors reasoned that non-coding sequences conserved between them are likely to be fundamental to verte...ngly strict criteria, they identified 1,373 highly conserved non-coding elements (CNEs), with an average length of about 200 base pairs. The average sequence mat...

Institute for Systems Biology Symposium Addresses Need for Better Computational Tools

...hree dimensional structures, which are more highly conserved than one dimensional structures. Understanding three dimensional structures allow researchers to identify the presumptive function of proteins. These functions can then be assigned to appropriate networks. Researchers expect that approximately 2/3 of...

Scientists discover how plants disarm the toxic effects of excessive sunlight

...notes that the response mechanism is likely highly conserved across species from microbes to plants and humans - and therefore very applicable to other fields of study. For example, too much sunlight can actually be harmful to plants, because the heightened photosynthetic activity also means an increase in si...

Light therapy may combat fungal infections, new evidence suggests

...sense light, Heitman said, and have neither of the conserved light-sensing proteins. "Fungi have many negative implications for human life as they lead to human disease, as well as plant disease and mold," said Idnurm, a post-doctoral fellow at Duke. "However, fungi also play important beneficial roles, for e...

Researchers rein in regulatory RNAs

... that these molecular characteristics were largely conserved in plants. "Conventional belief in molecular biology suggests that poly(A)+ mRNAs are major mediators in flows of genetic information," Abe explains. "However, the information obtained from this study implies that some classes of poly(A)-negative nu...

Scientists identify molecule that regulates well-known tumor suppressor

..., and that this cell survival control mechanism is conserved among various tissues and species. Taken together, our data suggest that overexpression of DJ-1 can modulate PTEN tumor expression to the point where oncogenesis may result from upregulated PKB/Akt-mediated cell survival," writes Dr. Mak. Elevated DJ...

New understanding of DNA repair may pave way to cancer treatments

...f ATF2, which is expected to disturb the otherwise conserved balance between its role in gene regulation and the DNA damage response. We need to find out which of the two functions is more dominant under these circumstances in order to devise ways to regain the proper balance," he said. The Ronai lab's work o...

Biochemists report discovery of structure of major piece of telomerase; implications for cancer

... of the pseudoknot must be significant since it is conserved from humans to marsupials, birds and marine animals," Theimer said. Feigon's laboratory studies the three-dimensional structures of DNA and RNA, and how proteins and DNA and RNA recognize one another to switch genes on and off in cells. Her laborato...

Scientists discover that three overlapping signals in embryo help get the backbone right

...f, while it was originally identified in newts, is conserved through all vertebrate evolution," Khokha said. "If you cut out a similar tissue and transplant it in a mouse, you also get the Siamese twin phenomenon. So, we expect it to also be true in humans." ...

Master gene controls healing of skin in fruit flies and mammals

...remarkable that flies and mammals share an ancient conserved pathway to construct and repair the body envelope that protects them from sharp edges and microbes, even though that body envelope is constructed of mostly different molecules." In their paper, the UCSD researchers state that studying the wound resp...

Conserved amino acids play both structural and mechanistic roles in sandwich-like protein

...fessor of biochemistry and cell biology. "Are they conserved to direct the protein-folding reaction, or are they selected to stabilize the final protein structure? In our paper, we unravel an unprecedented answer to this question." Wittung-Stafshede and graduate student Corey Wilson analyzed the purpose of si...

Ancient immune defense mechanism is no match for HIV-1

...rplay between RNAi and SRS remains physiologically conserved from plants and invertebrates to higher vertebrate animals," explains Dr. Jeang. "Our finding that Tat is an SRS also helps explain the long-standing biological observation that when HIV-1 is engineered to be lacking Tat but contains alternative tran...

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