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Tag: "concentrations" at biology news

Cholera pathogen reveals how bacteria generate energy to live

...ns out of the bacteria to generate a difference in concentrations between outside and inside. This gradient acts like a battery that powers essential cell functions, such as the movement of the bacterium’s tail, the flagellum. Most cells, including human cells, use gradients of protons for this energy conservati...

Brain works more chaotically than previously thought

...s of glutamate are released all at once. "In these concentrations the neurotransmitter damages the insulating cells," says Dietrich. "It's the dosage that makes it harmful." ...

Vitamin D deficiency widespread during pregnancy

...to healthier levels. "In both groups, vitamin D concentrations were highest in summer and lowest in winter and spring," said senior author James M. Roberts, M.D., MWRI director and professor and vice chair of research in the department of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences at the University of Pitt...

Fungal factories may save hemlock forests

...ct of cheese production, inoculated with the right concentrations of the target fungus—will be their factory. By spraying the whey solution into an infected forest, they believe they can get the adelgid-killing fungi to reproduce in large numbers on its own. "The sweet whey only costs 32 cents a pound," says Co...

Immunization rates hit record high in poor countries

...ct of cheese production, inoculated with the right concentrations of the target fungus—will be their factory. By spraying the whey solution into an infected forest, they believe they can get the adelgid-killing fungi to reproduce in large numbers on its own. "The sweet whey only costs 32 cents a pound," says Co...

Chemicals in brown algae may protect against skin cancer

... In two groups, BAPs were applied to the skin in concentrations of 3 milligrams or 6 milligrams in a mild solvent. In two other groups, BAPs made up 0.1 percent or 0.5 percent of the diet. A group of untreated control mice was also exposed to UVB. The remaining groups were additional controls: Two were fe...

Bacterial response to oxidation studied as toxin barometer

...n we stick the sensor in the water, not individual concentrations of individual chemicals. It also announces the presence of an oxidative toxin you haven’t identified.? “We don’t have to have 20 sensors for 20 toxins. We can sense the presence of any oxidative toxin,?Love said. Ikuma, who was an undergraduate ...

'Terror bird' arrived in North America before land bridge, study finds

...dwater conditions change, the rare earth elements' concentrations change, resulting in a unique chemical signature. "We used rare earth elements because they're highly specific to certain time periods and different groundwater conditions," MacFadden said. "This is the first time that the uptake of rare earth ele...

Study finds mercury prevalent in many western fish

...the western United States found widespread mercury concentrations in fish. Though few of the more than 2,700 fish a...m eight different sites that had very high mercury concentrations ?levels of 1.0 microgram or higher ?likely indicating a point source. These high levels could be cau...

Targeting tumors the natural way

...l-destroying immune reaction. In cells with low concentrations of integrin, the agent still bound, but the resulting levels of alpha-Gal weren't sufficient to elicit the immune response, and the cells survived. The same wasn't true if the cell-binding agent delivered doxorubicin to cells instead: They were kille...

Salamanders suffer delayed effects of common herbicide

... show up in short-term studies, even extremely low concentrations of the chemical may be deadly to amphibians in the...esticide registration decisions and to derive safe concentrations last for about four days," said Jason R. Rohr, research associate at the Penn State Institutes of En...

Microfluidic chip helps solve cellular mating puzzle

...g behavior of yeast cells in response to different concentrations of pheromone in the presence or absence of Kss1. They were surprised to find that this second MAPK, thought to be relatively unimportant, actually helped the yeast cells do a better job of finding a mate through two distinct functions. First, it help...

Active ingredient in common Chinese herb shown to reduce hypertension

...ntration as well as for comparison between the two concentrations of tanshinone IIA. Conclusions As a result of the findings the researchers concluded that tanshinone IIA: (1) significantly reduced blood pressure in hamsters, (2) enhanced the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, (3) increased t...

Researchers uncover protection mechanism of radiation-resistant bacterium

...strated that high cytosolic manganese and low iron concentrations enable resistance by protecting proteins, but not DNA, from IR-induced oxidative damage. ...

Scientists create dual-modality microbeads to improve identification of disease biomarkers

...e biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease have very low concentrations in the blood so you need highly sensitive techniqu...hnology allows the researchers to analyze very low concentrations of target molecules. "Instead of analyzing a liter of sample where the concentration could be very d...

Bats prey on nocturnally migrating songbirds

...mong the best dietary tracers. They analysed their concentrations in bats' blood throughout the year, predicting major seasonal shifts in isotopic signatures towards bird prey in spring and, especially, during autumn. In parallel, isotopic signatures of whole insect bodies and passerine muscular tissues were tracke...

Massey researchers induce cell death in leukemia

...bserved following treatment of cells with very low concentrations of the agents. Parallel studies conducted on two established CLL cell lines provided additional preclinical evidence that bortezomib interacts synergistically with both agents to induce cell death in human CLL cells. Romidepsin and belinostat are...

Smoking ban dramatically reduces air pollution in Irish pubs

...hat there was an 80.2 percent reduction in benzene concentrations in pubs after the ban, having already established the ambient outdoor levels for benzene in Dublin. Among the bar staff, pulmonary function tests improved dramatically in non-smoking barmen post-ban; the workers also showed reductions in self-repo...

Keeping the body in sync -- The stability of cellular clocks

...s in body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, concentrations of melatonin and glucocorticoids, urine production, acid secretion in the gastrointestinal tract, and changes in liver metabolism. In the tiny volume of the cell, however, the chemical environment is constantly fluctuating. How is it possible for ...

Shedding new light on proteorhodopsin

...mf of individual illuminated cells under different concentrations of azide or various degrees of lighting, the Berkeley researchers were able to quantify the coupling between light-driven and respiratory proton currents. At the highest azide concentrations, the average cell velocity increased 70-percent upon green...

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