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Tag: "concentrations" at biology news

CO2 sensing proves critical for fungal pathogens to adapt to life in air and human hosts

...eoformans are exposed to dramatically elevated CO2 concentrations when causing systemic disease. In their research, the authors identify CO2 as a physiological signal that induces the pathogenic filamentous transition in C. albicans; they also demonstrate that an ancient group of enzymes called adenylyl cyclases ar...

New genetic test can detect clam disease

..., to find out what triggers the organisms to reach concentrations that become deadly, and whether that threshold varies among clam strains. Smolowitz uses traditional microscopic examination of tissues to determine if clams are sick. Gast's genetic test can now also be used to ensure clams without visible sympto...

Breath of the dragon: ERS-2 and Envisat reveal impact of economic growth on China's air quality

...al smog. "While nitrogen dioxide vertical column concentrations above central and eastern Europe and parts of the East Coast of the United States have been either static or exhibiting a small decrease, there is a clear and significant increase over China," explains John Burrows of the University of Bremen's Insti...

War on terror meets war on cancer

...or Q fever, for example ?the difference in isotope concentrations inside and outside the bacterial cells must be taken into account in trying to identify where the bacteria were grown based on the isotopic signature of the water in which they were cultured. Findings Suggest a New Way to Study Eating Disorders "...

Scientists determine structure of enzyme that disrupts bacterial virulence

... molecules called N-acyl homoserine lactones. The concentrations of these lactones increase along with the growth of the bacterial population. After reaching a threshold concentration, the lactones can "turn on" a variety of genes, often increasing the virulence of the accumulating bacteria. This population-sensi...

Russian 'surrogate' alcohols are a killer

...indicate that these products have either very high concentrations of alcohol, or toxic contaminants. "During the ...n are drinking products that have either very high concentrations of ethanol, or contaminants known to be toxic. "We found that home-made alcohol had about the same...

Seaweed yields new compounds with pharmaceutical potential

...ards antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at concentrations worth pursuing, though researchers don't know yet whether the concentrations of the compounds required to kill the bacterium would be harmful to humans. The compound that was i...

Geoscientists follow arsenic from chicken feed to streambeds

... samples from streams receiving runoff is that low concentrations of arsenic are transported to streambeds instead o...rtant. Schreiber emphasized, "All of the arsenic concentrations we are finding at our field site are below the drinking water standards, even below the new standard...

New class of antibiotics effective against drug-resistant bacteria discovered in fungi

... samples from streams receiving runoff is that low concentrations of arsenic are transported to streambeds instead o...rtant. Schreiber emphasized, "All of the arsenic concentrations we are finding at our field site are below the drinking water standards, even below the new standard...

Male elephants woo females with precise chemistry

...also tested young and old males. It found that low concentrations of frontalin, represented when the enantiomer ratio is more "plus" than "minus," was of mild interest to both young and old males, but when the ratio became balanced - equal amounts of plus and minus frontalin - males of all ages, as well as luteal-p...

Researchers: Treated wood poses long-term threat

...acts can be significant, especially given the high concentrations of arsenic in the wood itself." The researchers concluded that by 2000, Florida had imported 28,000 metric tons of arsenic, 4,600 of which have already leached into the environment, according to one of their papers. They predicted that as much as 11...

Scientists map one of biology's critical light-sensing structures

...xist in virtually all cells. They occur in greater concentrations in cells that respond directly to light, such as in root tips and new shoots. The phytochrome revealed by the Wisconsin team was derived from a microbe known as Deinococcus radiodurans, a bacterium renowned for its tolerance to ionizing radiation. I...

Sangamo BioSciences demonstrates its ZFP treatment protects cells from HIV infection

...the constant presence of antagonist in high enough concentrations to block therapeutically relevant numbers of the CCR5 protein, of which there are approximately 10,000 copies on the surface of each T-cell. In contrast, brief exposure of T-cells to Sangamo's ZFNs has been shown to result in permanent modification ...

Phenolic compounds may explain Mediterranean diet benefits

...(instead of "in the arms") of participants and the concentrations of certain components in blood serum, including nitric oxide, improved after the polyphenol-rich breakfast. "This is the first study that shows a direct benefit of an olive oil with high content in phenolic compounds on endothelial function in vivo,...

New study pinpoints epicenters of Earth's imminent extinctions

...can species that qualify for inclusion. Particular concentrations of sites are also found in the Andes of South America, in Brazil's Atlantic Forests, throughout the Caribbean, and in Madagascar. "Although saving sites and species is vitally important in itself, this is about much more," said Mike Parr, Secretar...

Pretreating rogue cancer cells with aspirin cripples their resistance to targeted therapy

...can species that qualify for inclusion. Particular concentrations of sites are also found in the Andes of South America, in Brazil's Atlantic Forests, throughout the Caribbean, and in Madagascar. "Although saving sites and species is vitally important in itself, this is about much more," said Mike Parr, Secretar...

Researchers uncover mechanisms of estrogen in promoting cell death in breast cancer

...hat undergo apoptosis when treated with very small concentrations of estradiol. The researchers treated MCF-7:5C cells with estradiol and fulvestrant, and they also injected the cancer cells into mice to study estradiol's influence on apoptosis in tumors. They found that estradiol induces apoptosis by activating t...

A salty tale: New bacterial genome sequenced from ancient salterns

...n such a physically demanding environment, at salt concentrations up to 30 percent. How could these microbes--which normally prefer milder environments--thrive in such high salt? To find out, TIGR researchers Emmanuel Mongodin and Karen Nelson, working with Canadian and Spanish colleagues, set out to sequence S. ...

Cellular scale drug delivery from the inside out

...icals, such as antioxidants, appear in much higher concentrations and would break the bonds on the caps and release the drugs. In this way, only cancer cells could be targeted with powerful chemotherapy drugs such as Taxol or doxorubicin, while the nanospheres inside the normal cells would remain capped and therefo...

Embryos tell story of Earth's earliest animals

...ils. Today, hydrogen sulfide exists in significant concentrations at the bottom of the ocean, especially in the vicinity of deep sea vents. Because hydrogen sulfide is extremely toxic (and flammable), the scientists used beta-mercaptoethanol, which exerts similar effects. The scientists also found that embryo siz...

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