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Tag: "compounds" at biology news

Wisconsin researchers identify sleep gene

...ffers the possibility of developing a new class of compounds that could affect potassium channels in the brain rather than other brain chemical systems targeted currently," says lead author Dr. Chiara Cirelli, assistant professor of psychiatry at UW Medical School. UW-Madison genetics professor Barry Ganetsky...

Substance protects resilient staph bacteria

...midis from innate immune defense, human antibiotic compounds and salt concentrations similar to levels found on human skin. Dr. Otto's group also used mice fitted with catheters to demonstrate that the S. epidermidis strain deficient of PGA was not able to cause infection while the other strains containing PGA...

Polymers with copper show promise for implanted sensors

...s to make polymers that generate nitric oxide from compounds called nitrosothiols found in the bloodstream. The key to doing this, the researchers found, is copper. "It turns out that copper ions can act as catalysts to take nitrosothiols and generate nitric oxide from them," said Meyerhoff. So the U-M team h...

Insight into natural cholesterol control suggests novel cholesterol-lowering therapy

... mechanisms by which cholesterol and other related compounds exert that self-control have only more recently begun to emerge. The researchers now demonstrate that lanosterol--an intermediate compound in the synthetic pathway--mediates feedback control over the rate of cholesterol production by stimulating the...

Researchers discover chemical compounds that affect plant growth

...rside has used chemical genomics to identify novel compounds that affect the ability of plants to alter their d...hich can be found by screening large libraries for compounds that specifically affect a measurable process." The scientists found 219 chemicals that affected th...

New Drugs For Bad Bugs: UF Approach Could Bolster Antibiotic Arsenal

...a College of Pharmacy. Many would rather invest in compounds aimed at patients with chronic conditions such as high cholesterol or diabetes, not in drugs designed to be used for a week or two and then stopped once an infection clears, he said. Now UF researchers have devised a patent-pending method that combi...

New insight into regulation of blood stem cells

...ls HSC numbers and use this information to develop compounds that can regulate stem cell proliferation and diff... model systems for the identification of genes and compounds that can be used to regulate the process of stem cell differentiation." ...

Survey finds silver contamination in North Pacific waters

...s from the burning of coal are nitrogen and sulfur compounds that contribute to acid rain and smog. Previous studies by Flegal's group have also found high mercury levels in rainfall on the U.S. West Coast, which they linked to contamination from coal burning in Asia. "Unlike mercury, silver is not a human he...

Medical molecules designed to respond to visible light that can penetrate tissue

...ht (photoinitiatied), will generate pharmaceutical compounds that can cleave DNA, such as in a tumor cell. "The challenge has been that tissue blocks light so we can't signal molecules deep within the body to deliver drug therapy," says Brewer, associate professor of chemistry. Matthew Mongelli of Maywood N.J...

To control germs, scientists deploy tiny agents provocateurs

...bacteria, Blackwell and her team are designing new compounds that mimic acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs), a ...beneficial, so we are simultaneously searching for compounds that selectively turn on group behaviors." Using new combinatorial chemistry techniques, Blackwell ...

New understanding of DNA repair may pave way to cancer treatments

...dels. Ongoing studies are devoted to screening for compounds that mimic the peptide's actions and to allow for further development of the peptide toward clinical assessment. "Until our recent studies, we were certain that the mechanism by which ATF2 affects melanoma growth was primarily through its establishe...

Anammox bacteria produce nitrogen gas in oceans' snackbar

...ved for decades, but by anammox bacteria. Nitrogen compounds act as fertilizers and are the ecological basis for any lifeform on earth as these compounds limit the overall growth rate. The researchers discovered this type of bacteria for the first time ...

Shutting down the HIV assembly line

...of Gag in the cell. "We have hopes of identifying compounds that inhibit this Gag-AP-3 interaction and that may lead to new efforts to treat HIV infection," Spearman said. Such drugs should be very specific, he said, since it should be possible to block Gag's interaction with AP-3 without disrupting AP-3 fun...

Researchers find promising cancer-fighting power of synthetic cell-signaling molecule

Novel anti-cancer compounds called Enigmols suppress the growth of human cell ...y that the Enigmols were the most potent. The lead compounds were named "Enigmols" because sphingolipids were named after the sphinx for their enigmatic properti...

Roots Engage in Underground Chemical Warfare

...n nutrients, plant roots secrete a wide variety of compounds that affect other nearby roots, as well as insects and microbes. But because it goes on unseen, bactericidal root activity has not been extensively investigated—until now. Using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, a relative of garden-variety cabba...

Compounds in plastic packaging act as environmental estrogens altering breast genes

...nds of young female laboratory rats exposed to the compounds through their mothers' milk. Raquel Moral, Ph.D.,...her exposure to these hormonally active biological compounds could alter the genomic signatures of the mammary gland during critical stages of development." BPA ...

Red delicious, Northern Spy apples have most antioxidants, chemists find

..., Ontario, also pinpointed the individual chemical compounds responsible for antioxidant activity in apples. The findings could lead to the breeding of hybrid apples that pack a heftier antioxidant punch. The report appears in the June 29 issue of the American Chemical Society’s peer-reviewed Journal of Agric...

Taking the piste out of Alpine vegetation

...er which contains more minerals and other chemical compounds than natural snow. The findings are particularly important as ski resorts begin to feel the heat of climate change, developing higher altitude runs and using more artificial snow to keep skiers happy. As this happens, Wipf and her co-workers want sk...

Activation of thermoreceptors mediates raw garlic's burning pungency

...arch Foundation. Despite garlic's popularity, the compounds responsible for its pungency, as well as the recep... TRPA1 is activated by noxious cold and by pungent compounds found in cinnamon oil, mustard oil, and wintergreen oil. These past findings, as well as the present...

Could microbes solve Russia's chemical weapons conundrum?

... their detoxification. "Bioutilization of organic compounds of reaction masses is a biotechnological method that pro-vides maximum environmental safety, since the pollutants are naturally degraded to innocuous products such as carbon dioxide and water, as well as microbial biomass," said Dr. Ermakova. ### A...

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