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Tag: "comparing" at biology news

Genes and genius: Researchers confirm association between gene and intelligence

...matched to differences in individuals' DNA. By comparing individual differences embedded in DNA, the team zeroed in on CHRM2, the neuronal receptor gene on chromosome 7. The CHRM2 gene activates a multitude of signaling pathways in the brain involved in learning, memory and other higher brain functions. Th...

NYU scientists identify how development of different species uses same genes with distinct features

...lore the generality of developmental mechanisms by comparing Drosophila with Nasonia, a distant species that diverged over 250 million years ago but one that presents many morphological similarities with flies in terms of development. The research team’s results showed that flies and wasps employ most of th...

Virginia Tech's System X supercomputer provides super tool for simulation of cell division

...matical models in molecular cell biology. However, comparing the results of a mathematical model to experimental data is difficult because mathematical results are quantitative (numbers) while much experimental data is qualitative (trends). The mathematical biologist must figure out how to set the numerical va...

Salmonella survives better in stomach due to altered DNA

...number of infections caused by this pathogen. By comparing the DNA of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104 with the known DNA code of another Salmonella strain, Hermans found new DNA fragments in DT104. These pieces of DNA were found to contain genetic information that might play a role in the survival and i...

Neuron cell stickiness may hold key to evolution of the human brain

...nd the brains of our primate relatives. In a study comparing the genomes of humans, chimpanzees, mice and other...en genes are switched on or off. In this study by comparing the entire genome of many organisms to that of humans we were able to identify a series of human-spe...

Why don't all moles progress to melanoma?

...nse in malignant and non-malignant skin cells. "By comparing what happens in normal melanoctyes with what happens in melanoma, we may be able to come up with events that are specific for tumor cells, which could be used for future drug development," she says. ...

Genome archaeology illuminates the genetic engineering debate

... Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. By comparing corresponding segments of two maize (corn) chromosomes with each other, and then to a corresponding segment of rice, project scientists reconstructed a genetic history replete with "reconfiguration and reshuffling, reminiscent of working with Lego bl...

HIV-1 kills immune cells in the gut that may never bounce back

...den of DNA and RNA in cells from the GI tract, and comparing that to cells from the peripheral blood, Markowitz, Mehandru and their collaborators determined that the mucosal lining of the GI tract carried a disproportionately heavy viral load. That means that the initial loss of CD4 T cells in that area is par...

Heavy smoking cuts women's chance of pregnancy -- even with donated oocytes

...xperts in Portugal and Spain, comes as a result of comparing the pregnancy rates between non-heavy smokers and heavy smokers, all of whom received donated oocytes. Smoking has long been known to affect female fertility, but this study is believed to be the first to examine the impact of smoking in women who...

Mapping the mouse genome

...nvestigate recombination rates of various genes by comparing physical and genetic distances for each strain. On average, the recombination rate was 0.63 cM per megabase (cM/Mb) for HS, and 0.62 cM/Mb for RI. They also saw a lot of variation in recombination rate across the genome, between the two study groups,...

Taking 'chips' to the next level of gene hunting

...ay be able to rapidly and efficiently identify, by comparing a DNA sample from a patient with the DNA on the chip, exactly where mutations lie. "With standard chips, we're missing a big piece of the picture of mutations in humans because they look only at the meaty parts of genes, but the human genome is o...

Unraveling where chimp and human brains diverge

...ually every gene in the genome simultaneously. By comparing gene activity in different areas of the brain, the team identified gene networks that correlated to specific brain regions. Then they compared the strength of these correlations between humans and chimps. Many of the human-specific gene networks...

Genetic study of Neanderthal DNA reveals early split between humans and Neanderthals

...ed the authenticity of the Neanderthal sequence by comparing it to the human and chimpanzee genomes. This revealed multiple locations where the Neanderthal sequence matched more closely to that of chimpanzee and not human. Using the comparison of the Neanderthal to the human and chimp genomes enabled the inves...

Biologists probe the machinery of cellular protein factories

... a snapshot of the molecular machine in action. By comparing his images with those obtained by other groups that have caught the ribosome or its subunits in different positions, Noller is finding clues to the molecular motions with which the ribosome does its work. "Our next goal is to trap the ribosome in o...

Scientists find mutations that let bird flu adapt to humans

By comparing influenza viruses found in birds with those of the avian virus that have also infected human hosts, researchers have identified key genetic changes required for pandemic strains of bird flu. The new work, reported in the Nov. 16 issue of the journal...

Leading reason for corneal transplants comes into focus

...seases with multiple genes involved when I started comparing the symptoms of the two families," Gottsch says. "The Indiana family members developed their disease late in life, women were mostly affected, and those who were had large bumps, or guttae, on the back of the cornea. The Virginia family had severe ea...

Resistance and genetic sensitivity to sleeping sickness

...ion of the disease. This type of study consists in comparing the frequency of a mutation in subjects with symptoms and in healthy individuals. When the frequency of a mutation is significantly higher in the sick subjects than in the healthy ones, this mutation is associated with an enhanced risk of developing ...

Affymetrix 500K array used to identify memory gene

...ants. The researchers discovered the Kibra gene by comparing the genetic blueprints of people with good memory vs. poor memory and looking for the genetic variations consistently present in one group, but not the other. They then validated their discovery by replicating the Kibra gene finding in two separate a...

Fruit fly aggression studies have relevance to humans, animals

..., they conducted a microarray experiment, a way of comparing which genes are turned on or off, or up or down, in aggressive versus non-aggressive flies. They found 1,539 genes that were expressed differently in the two groups ?and flies only have about 14,000 genes in all. It will take more work to find out ...

Dinosaurs -- stones did not help with digestion

...n to the body size, much less than with birds. 'In comparing these we extrapolate over four orders of magnitude, from an ostrich weighing 89 kilograms to a sauropod weighing 50,000 kilograms. This may seem a bit daring. However, within birds the range of body weight and corresponding masses of gastric stones ...

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