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Tag: "comparing" at biology news

Liver cancer patients with high serum levels of hepatitis B virus face poorer outcomes

...ipating in a phase III randomized controlled trial comparing two different chemotherapy regimens. One hundred and seventy patients (92 percent) had evidence of HBV infection. Of these, 125 had sera available to determine HBV DNA levels and were included in the study. For each patient, the researchers measu...

Research team identifies new Alzheimer's gene

A study comparing more genetic markers in the DNA of people with and without Alzheimer’s disease than ever before has enabled researchers to identify a common gene that appears to increase a person’s risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease. The finding, announced toda...

Study shows big power of small RNAs, not just proteins, in halting cancer

...at some miRNAs act to prevent tumor formation. By comparing levels of miRNAs in cells with a variety of pre-cancerous genetic lesions, CSHL researchers found a connection between changes in the p53 pathway and the loss of a specific family of miRNAs, known as miR-34. The fact that p53 uses miRNAs to stop tum...

Studies to find better ways to preserve human eggs, ovarian tissue under way

...needed. To get there, researchers are directly comparing slow-freezing techniques, used successfully for de...ls under way at the Medical College of Georgia are comparing the two approaches in human ovarian tissue and eggs, or oocytes, as well as human-like cow ovarian t...

454 sequencing identifies HIV drug resistance at early stage

...dy, a large multi-center study conducted in the US comparing three different approaches to antiretroviral therapy. The FIRST study, which lasted 5 years, evaluated the long-term clinical and virologic effects of three initial antiretroviral drug regimens for treatment naïve HIV-infected persons. The CPCRA Stat...

Exploring the dark matter of the genome

...ransposons and single-copy genes were assembled by comparing numerous copies with unique or sufficiently distinctive sequences. The assembly was checked by matching it to clones of longer sequences. With the painstaking manual assembly taken as far as practical, the researchers mapped the sequences to their ph...

Human genetic 'deserts' are teeming with significant life

...roximately 1% of the human genome. By testing and comparing existing methods for annotating the human genome the consortium members hope to find the most effective ways of analysing it in its entirety. Although the finished sequence of the human genome announced in 2003 was a great achievement, it left a n...

Revealed -- Mosquito genes that could be controlling the spread of killer viruses

...Imperial PhD student Robert Waterhouse, focused on comparing the immunity genes of the Aedes mosquito with simi...he Anopheles mosquito that transmits malaria. When comparing the two different mosquitoes, the scientists found some similarities in the genes controlling their ...

Philandering female felines forgo fidelity

...es that were then subjected to genetic testing. By comparing individual genetic micro-satellites from 171 samples, researchers not only were able to determine if more than one father contributed to a litter, but also which of the known male cheetahs in the study area had sired cubs. Surprisingly, few known mal...

Scientists discover 5 new species of sea slugs from the Tropical Eastern Pacific

...s to identify the animals in the new collection by comparing them to existing collections, consulting specialists and using a scanning electron microscope to examine the jaws and other hard parts of the nudibranchs that distinguish species. This was part of the formal project “Phylogenetic Systematics of Nu...

Researchers publish first marsupial genome sequence

...acental mammals diverged 180 million years ago. By comparing the opossum and human genomes, researchers were able to pinpoint genetic elements that are present in placental mammals, but missing from marsupials —that is, the genetic factors that may underlie many of the differences between the two types of mamm...

DOE JGI sets 'gold standard' for metagenomic data analysis

... The goal is to reconstruct metabolic pathways by comparing with reference isolate genomes, so that we can mod...ods, since we could identify the correct answer by comparing the synthetic datasets to the corresponding isolate genomes." "This paper provides an extremely u...

From the deep -- Researchers find new species of sea anemone

...xtremely diverse group of anemones, Daly said, and comparing the anemones' genetic sequences may clue the researchers in to how the different species evolved over time....

Scientists seek useful traits in wild cottons

...racteristics of their roots, shoots and leaves and comparing them to a group of control cottons. The data from these comparisons could help scientists discover which physical traits help impart drought resistance and make more accurate trait selections in the future. Natalia Castillo, Experiment Stati...

Executable biology -- Computer science sheds light on animal development

...with a wide variety of gene mutation scenarios and comparing results with available laboratory data, they found that the fate of C. elegans vulval precursor cells depends upon the time-sequence of two cellular signaling pathways, as well as a negative feedback loop that had not been described before. These...

Revealing the machinery underlying the 'plastic' juvenile brain

... visual impairment of amblyopia. Now, researchers comparing the genetic machinery of juvenile and adult mouse brains undergoing visual experience have uncovered differences in genetic activity that appear to be central to this plasticity. Tommaso Pizzorusso and colleagues published their findings in the Ma...

Bones in motion: Brown scientists to create new 3-D X-ray system

...ted wings; planning orthopedic surgeries and comparing the effectiveness of different approaches; creating better treatments for shoulder, wrist, knee and back injuries; driving innovations in computer graphics and scientific visualization. The project cuts across disciplines and brings t...

Gut research yields new anti-cancer approach

...t cause pain and diarrhea. Specifically, they were comparing the effect on inflammation of encouraging the acti...ody, but useful as cell lines for study. While comparing PPARgamma activators and inhibitors, Schaefer noted with frustration that her cancer cells were dyin...

Researchers identify gene involved in dog size

...the genetic basis for size variation among dogs by comparing the DNA of various small dog breeds, including Chihuahuas, Toy Fox Terriers and Pomeranians, to an array of larger dog breeds, including Irish Wolfhounds, Saint Bernards and Great Danes. Their investigation found that variation in one gene—IGF-1, whi...

MIT model helps researchers 'see' brain development

...nsights into cortical development, the team is now comparing the images to those being collected from patients with autism. “We now have some idea of what normal development looks like. The next step is to see if we can detect abnormal development in diseases like autism by looking at folding differences,?sai...

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