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Tag: "common" at biology news

Resistant HIV quickly hides in infants' cells

...oside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), a common class of antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV infection and to prevent mother-to-child transmission. All had uncommon drug-resistance mutations that some resistance tests would miss. Earlier studies looking at infants treated with antiretroviral...

Early exposure to indoor fungus molecules may protect infants against future allergies

...ck tests. Scientists say early-life exposure to common microbial components—like bacterial endotoxins and fungal glucans—can stimulate the body’s immune system to produce infection- and allergy-fighting substances. Because of this, Iossifova says, people should avoid overusing antibacterial sprays and so...

A cherry on top: Tart cherries may alter heart/diabetes factors

... storage of excess energy as fat in the liver is a common effect in metabolic syndrome ?and because it feeds the vicious cycle of increased cholesterol and decreased response to insulin that can lead to cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes. Meanwhile, the measure of PPAR messenger RNA in the liver ...

Gene malfunctions cause schizophrenia, depression symptoms in mice

...gs support the theory that the two disorders share common genetic mechanisms. Steven Clapcote, David Porteo...ture from clinical and basic studies of DISC1 as a common genetic and biologically plausible risk factor for major mental illness," concluded Clapcote and col...

Global survey of lizards reveals greater abundance of animals on islands than on mainland ecosystems

...reaking havoc on islands are likely to become more common as the islands face increasing pressures from population growth, tourism, development, and climate change,?says Jetz. “The consequences of island vulnerability have already been observed as island species account for half of known animal extinctions...

Scientists discover rare 'gene-for-gene' interaction that helps bacteria kill their host

...alled gene-for-gene interactions are thought to be common in diseases, very few examples of a single gene in a pathogen targeting a single gene in an animal or human host have been identified so far. Photorhabdus is a family of bacteria that in relatively small concentrations can kill insects - between 1...

US control strategies may make flu epidemics worse, UCLA study shows

...uals reach a collective behavior with respect to a common dilemma by adapting to what they think are other people's decisions. The group modeled each individual's strategy for making yearly vaccination decisions as an adaptive process of trial and error. They tracked both individual-level decisions and popu...

Master regulatory gene of epithelial stem cells identified

...kin, breast and prostate, which are among the most common human malignancies. The role of p63 in epithelial stem cells has been controversial. Some studies found that p63 maintains a steady pool of the regenerative cells, while other studies argued that p63 has more to do with causing the cells to differen...

Nitric oxide: Key to cardiovascular and pulmonary function and drug effectiveness

...s in the activity of nitric oxide, which occurs in common disorders such as high blood pressure, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cystic fibrosis and neurodegenerative conditions, as well as in aging, may interfere with the G-protein coupled receptor signaling." ...

Cancer patients monitor fatigue in real time

Fatigue is one of the most common and distressing symptoms cancer patients experience during chemotherapy and radiation treatment, but it's difficult for health care professionals to accurately assess its severity. Nurse researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago are study...

Corals -- More complex than you?

... system genes. "We actually have quite a lot in common with corals, though it might not appear so," Professor Miller says. "For example, we have been amazed at how many of the genes involved in innate immunity in man are present in coral ?and just how similar they are." The significance of this may li...

8 plants from South Africa may hold potential for treating high blood pressure

...e Oxygonum sinuatum, an invasive weed with no common name Physalis viscosa, known as starhair ground cherry Senna occidentalis, a very leafy tropical shrub whose seeds have been used in coffee; called septic weed Solanum nodiflorum, also known as white nightshade Tulbaghia violacea,...

Anthrax paralyzes immune cells with lethal toxin, UF research shows

...om shock before they realize they have more than a common cold. The current method of detecting anthrax relies on lab cultures that can take days to complete. "We're looking for approaches to detect anthrax earlier in the blood," said Russell During, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow at UF's College of Medici...

Targeting sugar on blood vessels may inhibit cancer growth

...ournal of Cell Biology. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death and an area where novel therapies to block metastasis are desperately needed, according to first author Mark M. Fuster, M.D., assistant professor in the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine in UCSD’s Department of Me...

Genetic roots of bipolar disorder revealed by first genome-wide study of illness

...ults apply to other populations, and will look for common variations among them. The researchers will soon make the results of their scans available, on a website, to other scientists who are pursuing this line of research. ...

Gene mutation linked to cognition is found only in humans

...of the type I splicing site already existed in the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, implying a multi-step process that led to the dramatic change of splicing pattern in humans, the authors note. They identified a region of the chimpanzee sequence that has a weakening effect on the splicing site th...

New bacteria test could improve quality of fruit and vegetable juice

...apidly and accurately identify Alicyclobacillus, a common bacterium found in apple, carrot, tomato, orange and pear juices, tropical fruit juices and juice blends. The bacterium won't cause human sickness, but it affects flavor and results in spoilage. Currently, a number of different testing methods a...

Survival of the rarest: Fruit flies shed light on the evolution of behavior

...hrough a population that is already immune to more common strains of the virus. In this case, flies carry on...elp explain why genetic variants such as these are common in nature. "In the case of fruit flies, one variant encourages the survival of the other. In essence...

Toxoplasmosis infection trick revealed by scientists

...t causes toxoplasmosis, is one of the world’s most common parasites. Around a quarter to half of the world’s population is thought to be infected, and around 1% of people in the UK catch toxoplasmosis each year. In the majority of cases, those affected don’t have any symptoms. But for those with weakened im...

The longest carbon nanotubes you've ever seen

...ique for creating thin coatings that is especially common in the semiconductor industry, with a novel substrate and catalyst onto which the carbon attaches. Supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Office of Naval Research, University of Cincinnati (UC) professors Vesselin Shanov and Ma...

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