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Tag: "comes" at biology news

Scientists identify prion's infectious secret

...ome point misfold—rather like an origami swan that comes out looking and acting instead like a vulture. But prions have another characteristic that enables them to wreak havoc. They recruit other, properly folded proteins into misforming along with them, a process Lindquist calls a "conformational casca...

Dinosaur hearing, listening to muscle noise, quieter cubicles

... down) in the palm of your hand. The low rumbling comes from the shortening of the actomyosin filaments in the muscle fibers. Muscle noise can be measured using various sensors, such as microphones and even skin-mounted accelerometers. Scientists at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography listen to muscle...

Decoding protein structures helps illuminate cause of diabetes

...ing a clear picture of a moving target. When it comes to molecules, however, sometimes the motion is exactly what scientists want to see - for example, to understand the pathological protein mis-folding and assembly that seem to underlie a host of human disorders, including diabetes and Alzheimer's dise...

Do fruit flies have free will?

...nd necessity - which is exactly where fly behavior comes to lie. "The question of whether or not we have free will appears to be posed the wrong way," says Brembs. "Instead, if we ask 'how close to free will are we"' one finds that this is precisely where humans and animals differ". The next step will b...

Latent memory of cells comes to life

...ges can be that a latent capacity that was dormant comes to life, or, conversely, that a previously active capacity shuts down. Same inheritance ?different traits In the practical experiment molecular biologists used a mutant of a yeast cell which was bi-stable, in that it could become either of a s...

Growing nerve cells in 3-D dramatically affects gene expression

When it comes to growing cells in a lab, technique matters. A new Brown University study shows that nerve cells grown in three-dimensional cultures use 1,766 genes differently compared to nerve cells grown in standard two-dimensional petri dishes. The study, p...

Fused nasal bones helped tyrannosaurids dismember prey

.... rex just blows everyone out of the water when it comes to strength. "The fused nasal bones had been observed before, but no one but us and Emily Rayfield of Bristol hypothesized that the fusion enhanced the skull strength. Now we know it did." ...

Individuals and populations differ in gene activity levels, not just genes

...e a lot more similarities than differences when it comes to gene expression." Their findings may help us better understand how human populations are structured and interrelated, and could also help explain evolutionary development of humans from our ancient ancestors to present day. The research may al...

Leeches ferry infection among newts

...r immune system to fight off the disease. But that comes at the cost of having fewer offspring," he adds. Findings from the study may also indicate that human activities could lead to increases in the infection, since these leeches are most abundant in wetlands with lots of aquatic vegetation. The P...

Genome sequencing reveals key to viable ethanol production

...of its enzymes at any one time. When the bacterium comes in contact with wood, for instance, a few of its enzymes break down some of that wood. A product of that tiny reaction is a sugar called laminaribiose that diffuses into the cell. There it deactivates a repressor for two genes, which wake up and star...

Blood sugar's manufacture limited by building blocks' supply

...s on the availability of a substrate molecule that comes from an amino acid. The researchers found that mice with a targeted deletion of KLF15 display severe hypoglycemia after an overnight fast. They further found evidence that defective amino acid breakdown promotes the development of fasting hypoglyc...

Paper challenges 1491 Amazonian population theories

..., archaeological areas." Bush says the evidence comes from a geographically diverse area: three districts, each with 3 (in two cases) or four lakes. "In each we have one lake occupied and used, and the others little used or not used at all," he says. "So this is a total of 10 lakes that provide three...

A 'traffic light' for neurons means 'go' for improving brain research

...ake decisions?" Funding for the paper's authors comes from NIH, the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine, the Max Planck Society, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation), the German government, the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, the Amer...

Glucose triggers brain cell death in rats after hypoglycemic coma

...ys Swanson. "But in this setting, oxidative stress comes from an entirely different source." He adds that the normal role of NADPH oxidase in the brain is "completely unknown." The authors also found that the degree of oxidative stress was directly dependent upon the amount of glucose given. "We think t...

Need oxygen? Cells know how to spend and save

...icular component of the COX protein complex, COX4, comes in two different forms, COX4-1 and COX4-2. Under normal oxygen conditions, the cells' mitochondria contain mostly COX4-1. The researchers suspected that COX 4-2 might be the active protein under stressful, low-oxygen conditions, which the researchers...

Selectivity is ultimate aphrodisiac

...said. "It suggests to us that romantic desire comes in two distinct flavors: selective and unselective," Eastwick added. "If your goal is to get someone to notice you, the unselective flavor is going to fail, and fast." The need to feel special or unique could be a broad motivation that stretches a...

Tropical forests -- Earth's air conditioner

... Earth’s air conditioner," Caldeira said. "When it comes to rehabilitating forests to fight global warming, carbon dioxide might be only half of the story; we also have to account for whether they help to reflect sunlight by producing clouds, or help to absorb it by shading snowy tundra." Forests in col...

New details on how the immune system recognizes influenza

...eoprotein (NP). Most of the influenza virus data comes from analyses of immune responses obtained with mice; some comes from rabbits, ferrets and monkeys, and very little comes from humans or birds. In fact, only one ant...

Protein fragments sequenced in 68 million-year-old Tyrannosaurus rex

...he amino acid sequences. Normally, when a sequence comes out of a mass spectrometer, it is compared to a database of existing amino acid sequences. Collagen is a highly conserved protein, so it was highly likely that some of the dinosaur peptide sequences would match those of an existing species. Of the se...

Rapid, Low-Cost DNA Testing

... also takes apprximately one hour. The new process comes after these two steps, saving a final hour of work for the technician, who ordinarily would be doing gel electrophoresis. Perhaps more important than the savings in time and money, the new method works to determine single-base mutations in DNA, wh...

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