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Tag: "cognitive" at biology news

Prenatal Stress Keeps Infants, Toddlers up at Night, Study Says

...priming the path for these childrens emotional and cognitive problems in later life, or if both conditions merely fall out of the same stressful pregnancies. Related studies now show that stress, which is associated with increased exposure stress hormones, like cortisol, may disrupt a childs formation of a...

Old memory traces in brain may trigger chronic pain

...nsory input to the brain. ”We are saying there’s a cognitive memory and emotional component in the brain that seems abnormal. Easing that may have a bigger effect on suffering.” Chronic pain is not caused by a single mechanism, Apkarian noted. Sensory abnormalities in people with chronic pain probably driv...

Modeling the restless brain

...egen in the Netherlands, and Michael Breakspear, a cognitive neuroscientist at the University of New South Wale...te fluctuations" is an active topic of research in cognitive neuroscience, with their mysterious origin prompting one prominent researcher to label them the "bra...

Brain holds clues to bipolar disorder

...ral systems that underlie emotional processing and cognitive control unique to the bipolar brain. Such abnormalities are valuable biomarkers for the illness and have the potential to help clinicians diagnose bipolar disorder earlier and more efficiently. Dr. Phillips also will present data illustrating how ima...

Researchers reveal structure of protein altered in autism

...elopment in nerve connections is likely to lead to cognitive deficits seen in patients with autism,” said Taylor. He added that synapse formation and maintenance occurs early in development when the infant brain is still plastic and formative. Therefore, by understanding the structural mutations that affect ...

Nurtured chimps rake it in

...n interaction and stimulation enhance chimpanzees’ cognitive abilities, according to new research from the Chim...ees in a human cultural environment enhances their cognitive abilities, as measured by their ability to understand how tools work. The findings have just been p...

Putting feelings into words produces therapeutic effects in the brain

...te professor of psychology and a founder of social cognitive neuroscience. “When you attach the word ‘angry,’ you see a decreased response in the amygdala,” said Lieberman, lead author of the study, which appears in the current issue of the journal Psychological Science. The study showed that while the a...

'Smart' mice teach scientists about learning process, brain disorders

...hat you make mice ‘smarter,’ so there are a lot of cognitive implications," said Dr. James Bibb, assistant prof...hold promise for future treatments of a variety of cognitive disorders," he said. The researchers also recorded nerve-cell firings in the hippocampus, an are...

Mice with a migraine show signs of brain damage

... recently that with repeated migraines, a person’s cognitive abilities decrease. But actually doing damage to the brain ?that is a surprise.? Deborah Friedman, M.D., a neurologist who was not involved in the study, says that a few studies have found that people who get auras with their migraines are at incre...

US control strategies may make flu epidemics worse, UCLA study shows

... in driving influenza epidemiology. "Including cognitive and personality factors into epidemic models can dramatically change our understanding of why flu epidemics occur." said Vardavas. ...

Mechanism of nicotine's learning effects explored

...ed efforts to develop nicotine-like drugs to treat cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. A key problem in designing such drugs has been that little was known about the detailed mechanism by which nicotine exerts its learning-en...

Gene tests and brain imaging reveal early dementia

...test risk," she says. "If genetic mapping, MRI and cognitive tests all suggest approaching Alzheimer's, it might be an idea to start a course of treatment." ...

Action video games sharpen vision 20 percent

...ion," says Daphne Bavelier, professor of brain and cognitive sciences at the University of Rochester. "After just 30 hours, players showed a substantial increase in the spatial resolution of their vision, meaning they could see figures like those on an eye chart more clearly, even when other symbols crowded in...

Imaging pinpoints brain regions that 'see the future'

...ly, there's been surprisingly little research into cognitive processes underlying another form of mental time t...establish a baseline level of brain activity for a cognitive event that was in many ways similar to the other two tasks but did not involve the mental projection...

Metacognition: Faced with a test, rats can check their knowledge first

...n—that is, they can possess knowledge of their own cognitive states. This ability, which can also be thought of...den our understanding of the prevalence of certain cognitive skills in the animal kingdom, and, as the authors point out in their paper, may provide opportunitie...

Mimicking how the brain recognizes street scenes

...del to include the brain's feedback loops from the cognitive centers. This slower form of object recognition provides time for context and reflection, such as: if I see a car, it must be on the road not in the sky. Giving the model the ability to recognize such semantic features will empower it for broader app...

Trusting your instincts leads you to the right answer

...e reliable than decisions taken using higher-level cognitive processes. Participants, who were asked to pick t...ctually more effective than using our higher-level cognitive functions." The study shows an instance when our rational mind is more likely to perform worse th...

Angelman syndrome deficits rescued in mice

...ble mutants" through a battery of neurological and cognitive tests. Angelman mice performed poorly on learning and memory tasks and displayed impaired motor coordination. The double mutants, however, showed normal learning and memory and motor coordination. And while the Angelman mice were also prone to ...

Insomnia drug can improve brain function

...cally assessed the effect of zolpidem on motor and cognitive function and explored its effect on brain activity...ain imaging studies to assess brain metabolism and cognitive activation using PET scans. All of these were conducted with both zolpidem and a placebo in a random...

Vasectomy may put men at risk for type of dementia

... and Alzheimer's Disease Center and 57 men with no cognitive impairment who were community volunteers. They ranged from 55 to 80 years old. Of the non-impaired men, 16 percent had undergone a vasectomy. In contrast, 40 percent of the men with PPA had had the surgery. "That's a huge difference," said We...

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