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Tag: "circuitry" at biology news

Zinc plays important role in brain circuitry

...an imbalance between the excitatory and inhibitory circuitry in the central nervous system. In a preview of the paper in the same issue of Neuron, Alan R. Kay, Jacques Neyton, and Pierre Paoletti wrote "Undoubtedly this work is important, since it directly demonstrates that zinc acts as an endogenous modul...

Hormone linked to brain's cravings for food and other energy sources

...and memory and has now been linked with the reward circuitry of the brain that regulates food cravings. Acco...ead author Tamas Horvath, components of the reward circuitry of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), may be responsible for overeating and addiction. "Targeting thi...

Transplanted photoreceptor precursor cells restore visual function in mice with retinal degeneration

... light stimuli from ganglion cells, which form the circuitry to the brain. Swaroop explains that photoreceptors constitute "the first line of information capture in vision." They are part of a complex sensory system that delivers visual signals to the brain. Photoreceptors consist of rods and cones, highl...

Two nerve cells in direct contact

... enthused about the discovery: "The genius of this circuitry is in its simplicity: with a single electrical lin...imple mechanisms in mammals is still unclear - the circuitry of the nerve cells in the relevant areas in the cerebral cortex has not yet been sufficiently explai...

UCLA: How does your brain respond when you think about gambling or taking risks?

...wards, and that when we make decisions, the reward circuitry in the brain is more sensitive to possible losses than to possible gains. The research is federally funded by the National Science Foundation's Human and Social Dynamics program (http://www.nsf.gov). What happens in our brain when we think abou...

Fish can determine their social rank by observation alone, study finds

...fish brains might contain the rudimentary neuronal circuitry for transitive inference that appeared later in birds and mammals. "Any animal that has evolved a social system that requires combat among males will have some kind of eavesdropping capability allowing them to surreptitiously draw inferences abou...

Cracking open the black box of autoimmune disease

... that Foxp3 targets provides an initial map of the circuitry of these cells, which is important for understanding how they control a healthy immune response. "Autoimmune diseases take a tremendous toll on human health, but on a strictly molecular level, autoimmunity is a black box," says Young. "When we di...

Biologically inspired sensors can augment sonar, vision system in submarines

...nsor is integrated with metal-oxide-superconductor circuitry for on-chip signal processing, noise reduction and data acquisition. The largest array the researchers have built consists of 16 flow sensors with 1 millimeter spacing. Each sensor is 400 microns wide and 600 microns tall. In tests, the researchers...

Microfluidic chip helps solve cellular mating puzzle

... San Diego. In place of the microscopic electrical circuitry of a computer chip, their device consists of a series of tiny channels and chambers, some 20 times smaller than the diameter of human hair. Within the chip, computer-controlled fluid pressure and microscopic valves allow the researchers to isolate an...

How genetic malfunction causes a form of retardation

...ural development, ultimately resulting in impaired circuitry and cognitive dysfunction.? ...

Common algae helps illustrate mammalian brain electrical circuitry

...rimental approach for studying of mammalian neural circuitry in the coming decade," said Michael Ehlers, M.D., ...t to be able to provide real-time mapping of brain circuitry in a living, intact mammal, the researchers said. The light-producing gene inserted into the mice...

Scientists to track impact of Asian dust and pollution on clouds, weather, climate change

...rimental approach for studying of mammalian neural circuitry in the coming decade," said Michael Ehlers, M.D., ...t to be able to provide real-time mapping of brain circuitry in a living, intact mammal, the researchers said. The light-producing gene inserted into the mice...

Tracing broken wiring in stroke patients

...hnique to trace the functional disruption in brain circuitry that causes stroke patients to show a lack of awar...RI) technique for studying how disruption in brain circuitry produces behavioral symptoms. Maurizio Corbetta and colleagues reported their findings in the March...

Research finds music training 'tunes' human auditory system

...reciprocal one and tells us that our basic sensory circuitry is more malleable than we previously thought." Overall, the findings assist in unfolding new lines of inquiry. The researchers now are looking to find ways to "train" the brain to better encode sound ?work that potentially has far-reaching educat...

In obesity, brain becomes 'unaware' of fat

...weight, but “that’s different from the homeostatic circuitry being aware.? The new results also bolster evidence that a suppressor called SOCS-3 may be responsible for the loss of sensitivity to the fat hormone known as leptin. Therapeutic strategies designed to inhibit SOCS-3 may therefore bypass leptin res...

Brain's reward circuit activity ebbs and flows with a woman's hormonal cycle

... revealed. While women were winning rewards, their circuitry was more active if they were in a menstrual phase ...he National Academy of Sciences. Reward system circuitry includes: the prefrontal cortex, seat of thinking and planning; the amygdala, a fear center; the hip...

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