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Tag: "circuitry" at biology news

The brain is broadly wired for reproduction

...st step in exploring the GnRH reproduction-related circuitry in the brain, Buck acknowledges that they have alr... Buck said. "Understanding how the brain's neural circuitry controls behavior has been largely a black box," she said. "I think that through studies like these ...

Scientists crack code for motor neuron wiring

... establishment of other spinal cord circuits. This circuitry includes interneurons that control motor neuron fi...cial insights into the organization of the complex circuitry that the spinal cord uses to control muscle action. Speculation aside, Jessell is optimistic that t...

Researchers develop new method to help find deadly malaria parasite's Achilles heel

...n 'wiring' that differs markedly from the cellular circuitry of other higher organisms, a finding which could l...n "wiring" that differs markedly from the cellular circuitry of other higher organisms, a finding which could lead to the development of antimalarial drugs that ...

Learning and memory stimulated by gut hormone

... in the animals showed that these changes in brain circuitry are linked to enhanced learning and memory performance. Because ghrelin is highest in the circulation during the day and when the stomach is empty, these results also indicate that learning may be most effective before meal-time. "Based on our obs...

How the brain learns to become addicted

...s. It was also known that orexins tend to activate circuitry in a region called the ventral tegmental area (VTA), known to be a critical site of neural adaptation, or plasticity, induced by addictive drugs. However, it wasn't known whether orexin actually induced such plasticity. In experiments with rat brai...

Attention shoppers: Researchers find neurons that encode the value of different goods

...ocial behavior. Moreover, the OFC is part of brain circuitry implicated in drug abuse, which can also be thought of as a choice deficit. Padoa-Schioppa and Assad's results establish a more direct link between the activity of OFC and the mental valuation process underlying choice behavior. "The activity of th...

Stanford study of owls finds link in brain between sight and sound

...nisms of how attention works." "Once we learn the circuitry for attention, we plan to use that to drive learning in an efficient way," said Knudsen. He added that they eventually hope to show that they can make adjustments in the circuits of the owls' brains that will lead to improved performance in the owl. ...

Aggression-related gene weakens brain's impulse control circuits

... workings in a way that helps us to understand the circuitry underlying diversity in human temperament," said NIH Director Elias A. Zerhouni, M.D., who conducted MRI studies earlier in his career. "By itself, this gene is likely to contribute only a small amount of risk in interaction with other genetic and...

Face perception is modulated by sexual orientation

...that an area of the brain thought to act in reward circuitry may represent a phase in visual processing during ...s suggest that the response to faces in the reward circuitry is modulated by sexual preference, and they provide neural evidence for the role of face processing ...

Salk researchers make fast strides towards understanding how our body controls walking

...an important milestone in understanding the neural circuitry that coordinates walking movements - one of the ma...s at the heart of all locomotion. Remarkably, this circuitry functions without any input from the brain, which explains why headless chickens run away from the b...

Hap1 protein links circulating insulin to brain circuits that regulate feeding behavior in mice

...en circulating insulin in the blood and the neural circuitry that controls feeding behavior in mice. Illumination of the neural pathway used by hormones to regulate appetite and eating behavior could eventually provide new drug targets for treating eating disorders and obesity. The research, reported on-line...

New McGill research shows mice capable of empathy

...gn, where he first identified sex-specific genetic circuitry that governs the way males and females respond to pain. Dr. Mogil generally explores the genetic and environmental influences that combine to govern reactions to pain. He holds the Canada Research Chair in the Genetics of Pain (Tier 1). ...

Researchers map out networks that determine cell fate

...s that lead to the alternative. Understanding the circuitry that controls these decisions is central to learni...elopmental processes." "Understanding the genetic circuitry that orchestrates development of each specialized cell type," Singh added, "should enable us to mani...

UF scientists discover evolutionary origin of fins, limbs

...tics Institute. "We've discovered that the genetic circuitry for building limbs first appeared in an entirely different place - the midline of the animal." The appearance of paired fins on the sides of early vertebrates was a major evolutionary innovation toward fin - and eventually limb - locomotion, Cohn s...

Everything in its place: Researchers identify brain cells used to categorize images

...nd that the parietal cortex is a part of the brain circuitry that learns and recognizes the meaning of the things that we see. "It was previously unknown that parietal cortex activity would show such dramatic changes as a result of learning new categories," says lead author David Freedman, PhD, HMS postdoctor...

Long-term changes in experience cause neurons to sprout new long-lasting connections

... to new experiences. The new connections alter the circuitry of the brain by changing communication between neu...gues will study the rewiring of the animals' brain circuitry as trimmed whiskers regrow, to determine whether the rewiring can be 'undone' when conditions return...

Dissecting the machinery of nicotine's reward

...he reward circuitry. They also found that the same circuitry is involved in triggering exploratory and novelty-...is finding thus showed that the dopaminergic brain circuitry was involved in such behaviors as curiosity or interest in novelty, wrote the researchers. The rese...

Brain's 'gambling circuitry' identified

...as delayed. These regions were part of the brain circuitry governed by the neurotransmitter dopamine that is also involved in learning, motivation, and salience. However, emphasized the researchers, the design of their gambling task and analysis of their data ruled out involvement of these functions, meaning...

The brain's motivation station

...ind, and researchers have now identified the brain circuitry responsible for such reward-motivated learning. In an article in the May 4, 2006, Neuron, Alison Adcock and colleagues report brain-scanning studies in humans that reveal how specific reward-related brain regions "alert" the brain's learning and mem...

How many genes does it take to learn? Lessons from sea slugs

...how genes control the generation of specific brain circuitry and how genes modify that circuitry to enable learning and memory. For that matter, little is known about the genes that distinguish one...

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