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Tag: "cigarette" at biology news

NYU and MSKCC research provides model for understanding chemically induced cancer initiation

...ltered by a known cancer-causing chemical found in cigarette smoke. This finding may open new horizons for unde...ns, including those that are primary components of cigarette smoke, are known to damage DNA. This damage occurs at special positions of the p53 gene, called muta...

While on trail of dioxin, scientists pinpoint cancer target of green tea

...oup has shown how dioxin and other substances like cigarette smoke manipulate a major cancer-causing molecule, the aryl hydrocarbon (AH) receptor, which frequently plays a role in turning on genes that are oftentimes harmful. Two years ago the team discovered that AH activity is inhibited by a chemical found ...

Brain Scan Study of Smokers Reveals Signature of Craving

...that nicotine is the primary agent responsible for cigarette addiction, recent evidence suggests that condition...to find out which brain regions may be involved in cigarette craving," said Jed Rose, Ph.D., director of the Duke Center for Nicotine and Smoking Cessation Resea...

Novel mechanism for DNA replication discovered

...carcinogens in the environment, including those in cigarette smoke. Many of these carcinogens preferentially damage DNA at guanine - one of the four bases in DNA - blocking, in some cases, the ability of the guanine to partner with cytosine, which can lead to mistakes during replication. Aneel Aggarwal, PhD, ...

Nicotine triggers the same brain reward circuitry as opiates

...cal studies of opioid receptor blockers to relieve cigarette cravings "so far have produced mixed results, ranging from ineffectiveness at smoking cessation to mild reduction in the desire to smoke." The researchers wrote that their findings "suggest that the timing and context of opioid receptor antagonist a...

Toxic flood lifts lid on common urban pollution problem

...presence of organic chemicals in oil, gas, grease, cigarette filters and other pollution. Other research on urban runoff, meanwhile, has detected high levels of toxic metals and nutrients including phosphorus thought to leach from building materials, Sansalone said. Organic chemicals are particularly dangero...

New research examines genetics of successful aging

... study also highlighted the detrimental effects of cigarette smoking and excessive drinking on successful aging in both sexes. "The finding that genetics, lifestyle decision making, and their interactions, may influence the ability to reach old age with preserved cognition is exciting," stated Dr. Zubenko. "...

Genetic key to growth of new arteries is identified

...arious conditions known to cause vascular disease: cigarette smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension. "For each of these models we will ask, one, is expression of MMP2 impaired, and two, if there is less arterial growth," Sarkar says. "Then if both of those are true ?and we think they will be ?...

Mayo Clinic collaboration discovers protein amplifies DNA injury signals

...nd chemical sources such as ultraviolet radiation, cigarette smoke, and other natural and artificial toxins. These create injury sites or lesions. In healthy situations, DNA repair signal pathways are competently monitoring for damage and alerting the repair system when DNA lesions are detected. "Most of the ...

Researchers test new way to quit smoking

...nicotine replacements might assist in breaking the cigarette habit, according to Dr Bullen. "Nicotine is a highly addictive substance. It has been proposed that the stress a person undergoes when giving up cigarettes, coupled with the burden of remembering to use alternative methods of nicotine delivery, is t...

Dartmouth study finds that arsenic inhibits DNA repair

...s from DNA-damaging agents, such as those found in cigarette smoke," says Andrew. "The concern is that exposure to drinking water arsenic may exacerbate the harmful effects of smoking or other exposures." Andrew explains that in regions of the United States where the rock contains higher levels of arsenic, th...

Cigarette smoke blocks cell repair mechanism, University of Florida study shows

... that contains all of the 4,000 chemicals found in cigarette smoke. "Our study suggests the mechanism by whic...ant finding in our case: We are now describing how cigarette smoke condensate, which is a surrogate for cigarette smoke, can cause DNA damage and can block the D...

Global study shows all tobacco bad for the heart

...tes a day doubled their risk of heart attack. Each cigarette smoked per day, increased the risk by 5.6 per cent. However, the researchers did find that the risk of heart attack decreased with time after stopping smoking. Light smokers, those who consume fewer than 10 cigarettes a day, benefit the most. They ...

Nicotine exposure during development leads to hearing problems

... under-development related to harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke, exposure to nicotine appears to be enough to cause serious problems on its own, in terms of brain development." Chemicals known as neurotransmitters act as message carriers between cells and bind with receptors on the cells' surfaces, much l...

New research examines genetics of successful aging

... study also highlighted the detrimental effects of cigarette smoking, excessive drinking and serious mental disorders on successful aging in both sexes. "The finding that genetics, lifestyle decision making, and their interactions, may influence the ability to reach old age with preserved cognition is exciti...

Quitting smoking improves lung function considerably

...removal of the acute bronchoconstrictor effects of cigarette smoke or a reduction in the proinflammatory effects of cigarette smoke on the airways." In addition to the improved lung function test scores, the "quit" group als...

Halving daily cigarette quota has no health benefit

...evidence that heavy smokers, who halve their daily cigarette consumption, significantly cut their risk of early death. They add that people may be misled if they are advised that cutting back will help them stave off disease....

Buildup of damaged DNA in cells drives aging

... DNA damage caused by sources such as sunlight and cigarette smoke, as well as by our own metabolism, also could delay aging," explained Dr. Niedernhofer....

Gene therapy for hereditary lung disease advances

...se. It is important that alpha-1 patients avoid cigarette smoke, said Mark Brantly, M.D., a professor of medicine and molecular genetics and microbiology at UF's College of Medicine who develops clinical research programs aimed at developing therapies for alpha-1 patients. Alpha-1 deficiency can in some pat...

Cigarette smoking impedes tendon-to-bone healing

...we may have underestimated the negative effects of cigarette smoking on rotator cuff healing." Galatz says t...y is a potential culprit," she says. "Nicotine and cigarette smoking inhibit the formation of new blood vessels, and basically, all healing and all repair proces...

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