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Tag: "chromosomes" at biology news

Evolution and the workaround

... Intriguingly, cancer cells also accumulate extra chromosomes as they become more aggressive. The theory is that these extra chromosomes provide “backup?copies of important genes, allowing the original copies to mutate in ways that help...

Taking 'chips' to the next level of gene hunting

...pt a gene by lodging in the middle of it, or cause chromosomes to break. Transposable elements long have been suspected of playing a role vital to disease-causing mutations in people. Boeke hopes that the TIP-chip eventually can be used to look for such mutations in people. The new TIP-chip contains evenly s...

Scientists win grants to develop $1,000 genome sequencing technology

...atics Laboratory. Sequencing the 23 pairs of human chromosomes extracted from the cells of one individual involve...echniques needed to computationally reassemble the chromosomes by piecing together the overlapping ends of all the fragments after they have been sequenced. Bi...

Mapping the mouse genome

...y for humans, that the average autosomal (non-sex) chromosomes had a higher recombination rate for females than males. Observing where there was a particularly high, or low, rate of recombination, the authors identified "jungles" and "deserts." They looked for sequence motifs that might be representative of j...

Powerful genome ID method extended to humans

... mapping." Restriction maps provide coordinates on chromosomes analogous to mile markers on freeways. Lead author Anton Valouev, a recent graduate of Waterman's lab and now a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University, said the algorithm makes it possible to optically map the human genome. "It carries trem...

Mayo researchers discover HIV dependence on a human protein

...75). This protein forms a molecular tether between chromosomes and HIV's integrating protein (integrase). If the ...noticing that p75 "tethers" HIV integrase to human chromosomes like a molecular rope and also protects it from the cell's protein-degrading machinery. While these ...

Genetic surprise confirms neglected 70-year-old evolutionary hypothesis

... "In the 1930s there was speculation that parts of chromosomes that switch from one location to another might cau...apped out how it might be possible for sections of chromosomes to relocate themselves in a genome. Those mobile sections can cause sterility in inter-species hybri...

Brown scientists map structure of DNA-doctoring protein complex

...n travel inside the body and insert genes into the chromosomes of target cells. This DNA doctoring not only shapes species over time, it also spreads antibiotic resistance and is used by bacteria that spread Lyme disease and by viruses linked to certain forms of cancer. Last year in Nature, scientists working...

NYU biologists identify gene that coordinates two cellular processes

...ene mel-28. The gene plays a part in ensuring that chromosomes are divided properly during cell division and it i...d to shuttle between the nuclear periphery and the chromosomes during cell division. Additional functional tests showed that mel-28 was essential to both the integ...

Genome archaeology illuminates the genetic engineering debate

...mparing corresponding segments of two maize (corn) chromosomes with each other, and then to a corresponding segme.... Scientists have long known that the number of chromosomes among some plant species has changed over time, with some evolutionary phases showing four, six, eig...

New clues to how sex evolves

...y of genes and proteins that help bring C. elegans chromosomes together during meiosis. This specialized cell div...e, resulting in sperm or eggs with just one set of chromosomes each. For meiosis to work properly, corresponding chromosomes must first identify each other, then l...

Evolution of Old World fruit flies on three continents mirrors climate change

...keup more than 40 years ago noted that sections of chromosomes were inverted, something like taking part of a bar code from a consumer product and flipping it backwards. The biologists found that the frequency of particular inversions was correlated with the latitude where a given insect was found. Inversions th...

Cloned mice created from fully differentiated cells, a milestone in cloning research

...rring it into an unfertilized egg that has had its chromosomes removed. Because the resulting new embryo contains...hese are not bona fide clones because they possess chromosomes that are not identical to those of the original donor nucleus. Since Dolly, animal cloning using a...

Chromosomal microarray analysis proves accurate

...ally a gene chip method of assessing the makeup of chromosomes in a particular part of the human genome (genetic blueprint). In areas of the genome, there are portions of the genetic material that show imbalances because they are duplicated or deleted abnormally with gains and losses of genetic information. ...

Novel laboratory technique nudges genes into activity

...wski said. Genes are segments of DNA housed in chromosomes in the nucleus of every cell and they carry instructions for making proteins. Faulty or mutated genes lead to malfunctioning, missing or over-abundant proteins, and any of those conditions can result in disease. Surrounding the chromosome is a clo...

Fruit fly gene research may shed light on human disease processes

...ading biology journal. Human females have two X chromosomes in every cell, while human males have an X and a Y...chromosome does not influence sex. Instead, two X chromosomes signal the fly to be female, and one X chromosome means it will be male." A chromosome is a singl...

Short chromosomes put cancer cells in forced rest

...lls. Telomerase helps maintain the caps or ends of chromosomes called telomeres, which shrink each time a cell divides and eventually - when the chromosomes get too short - force the cell to essentially commit suicide. Such cell death is natural, and when ...

Tiny clue reveals new path toward heart disease

...re located. Chromosome 3 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes that comprise the human genome. In the current study, the researchers focused on specific gene variants, called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), that occur when a single nucleotide building block in the long strand of DNA is altered. The re...

Bird sex is something else

...erence is genetic. Species with differentiated sex chromosomes (X and Y in humans, for example) get around the fact that males and females get different-sized portions of sex chromosome genes with a balancing act geneticists call dosage compensation. But research published today in the Journal of Biology shows ...

Mosquito genes explain response to climate change

...ed the first chromosomal map that shows regions of chromosomes that activate ?and are apparently evolving ?in ani...s. The UO researchers identified regions on three chromosomes that respond to length of day, which scientists call photoperiodism. Two of the chromosomes also hav...

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