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Tag: "chromosomes" at biology news

MSKCC researchers uncover structure of key protein complex in cells

... that it is necessary for the normal assortment of chromosomes immediately before a cell splits. Yeast cells that lack SUMO cannot successfully divide, Dr. Lima noted. Since cancer is characterized by cells dividing unchecked, proving SUMO's function could potentially yield novel anticancer therapies. "If sumoy...

Customized gene chip provides rapid detection of genetic changes in children's cancer

...nome, the microarray focuses on suspect regions of chromosomes for signs of deleted genetic material known to pla...aid Dr. Maris. In pinpointing specific regions of chromosomes with loss in DNA, the technology may help confirm a clinical diagnosis, said Saul Surrey, Ph.D., pro...

HIV inserts into human genome using a DNA-associated protein

... HIV integrates into active transcription units on chromosomes within the nucleus of human cells. These units are...GF binds to HIV integrase and to specific sites on chromosomes suggests that HIV targets integration using a molecular tether. Retroviruses contain RNA in their ...

Normal chromosome ends elicit a limited DNA damage response

... has long puzzled scientists. The natural ends of chromosomes look just like broken strands of DNA that a cell's...rands of DNA that need to be repaired, the tips of chromosomes are tucked in and shielded by a phalanx of proteins, forming a protective "cap". Ironically, to for...

Embryonic stem cells accrue genetic changes

...displayed gross changes in the number of copies of chromosomes or parts of chromosomes, in the marks that control whether a gene is used by the cell, or in the sequence of DNA found in the cell's mitochondria. "The majority of the lines we tested had genetic changes over time," says Chakravarti. "Whenever you...

A little telomerase isn't enough

...eres, are repetitive stretches of DNA that protect chromosomes in much the same way as plastic tips on shoelaces ...en, and each successive generation starts out with chromosomes whose telomeres are even shorter than their parents, the researchers report. The failure of telomera...

Delaware scientists make significant advance in study of small RNAs

... that their data indicated that the regions of the chromosomes where people had speculated there was not much transcriptional activity turned out to be sites of tremendous amounts of small RNA activity. Green said the implications of their findings would have a vital impact on future research by both their labo...

Double trouble: Cells with duplicate genomes can trigger tumors

...ll division that yields cells with an extra set of chromosomes can initiate the development of tumors in mice, re... chromosome content). Because the cells with extra chromosomes and centrosomes are biologically different from normal cells, cancer drugs designed to kill them whi...

New view of cancer: 'Epigenetic' changes come before mutations

...s of new cell growth, such as the rearrangement of chromosomes in the development of leukemia. This mutation normally has been considered the first step in cancer development. The third step is genetic and epigenetic instability, which leads to increased tumor evolution. Many of the properties of advanced tum...

University of Arizona plant scientists to unravel maize genome

...mine the number of genes and their position on the chromosomes - the tiny bundles of DNA that form the storage units of genetic information. The grant further strengthens and expands Arizona's leading position in genomics research, which is considered a key ingredient in building a leading-edge bioindustry. Ge...

Breaking the mold: Research teams sequence three fungus genomes

...umigatus genome is 28 Mb in size, consisting of 8 chromosomes bearing a total of almost 10,000 genes. Which genes make the mold virulent? Some 700 A. fumigatus genes significantly differ--or do not even occur--in a similar, yet less infectious fungus, Neosartorya fischeri . Nierman and colleagues are now se...

Genetic testing still smart choice, despite uncertainties

...umulated eight cells. Too many of their cells have chromosomes that don't match and these mixed messages lead the embryo to stop developing, Kovalinskaia said. Embryos with only one or two irregular cells still have a chance to develop normally though, she said. These embryos tend to not develop this abnormali...

Genetic analysis of cavefish reveals more about evolution

...p, which allowed them to locate the regions of the chromosomes that had genes controlling cave related traits. The researchers found that genetic markers for albinism in the two groups appeared in the same location, suggesting three possibilities: the two cave populations had the same mutation in the same gene,...

Scientists sequence DNA of woolly mammoth

...trast, most hereditary information is organized on chromosomes located in the cell's nucleus (nuclear DNA). A mammoth was chosen for study in part because of its close evolutionary relationship to the African elephant, whose nuclear DNA sequence has been made publicly available by the Broad Institute in Cambrid...

Common viruses may cause cancer

...dea that aberrations in the number or structure of chromosomes can spur tumor formation is more than a century old. Such aberrations--known collectively as "aneuploidy"--arise in two principal ways: as a consequence of abnormal cell division, or as a result of cell fusion. By either mechanism, the resulting aneu...

Sleeping sickness parasite shows how cells divide their insides

...t how cells divide, doubling and separating DNA in chromosomes is often the focus. Equally important is the way a cell prepares its internal organelles for distribution. Warren studies the Golgi complex, a membrane compartment in the cytoplasm that delivers newly-made proteins to different membranes in the cell....

Scientists fetch useful information from dog genome publications

...lub, dog shows, and dogs as helpers. How canine chromosomes crumble In a special dog genome section of the ... humans approximately 95 million years ago, canine chromosomes have undergone considerable breakage relative to other species. In contrast to the 46 chromosomes p...

Dog genome sequenced

...lub, dog shows, and dogs as helpers. How canine chromosomes crumble In a special dog genome section of the ... humans approximately 95 million years ago, canine chromosomes have undergone considerable breakage relative to other species. In contrast to the 46 chromosomes p...

Study ties 'new' cell-death mechanism to developmental and degenerative brain disorders

...eficits. Twenty-seven specific locations on human chromosomes have been identified for involvement in the development of ataxias, and 10 causative genes or mutations have been determined. The gene and mutations in this study affect the SCA13 gene. Ataxias are characterized by degeneration of nerve cells in the...

Patterns in genome organization may partially explain how microbial cells work

... of genes and other features distributed along the chromosomes of bacteria and simpler organisms also is fundamen...scent "reporter" markers to predetermined spots on chromosomes have indicated that many bacterial genes tend to be found at specific cellular locations. Patterns a...

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