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Tag: "chromosome" at biology news

Embryonic selection of sex avoids conceiving blind children

...e disease Retinosis Pigmentaria, linked with the X chromosome ?in order to avoid giving birth to a male child. Retinosis Pigmentaria is a hereditary illness of the eyes of a degenerative nature. It causes a serious reduction in visual capacity and, in many cases, leads to blindness. The ailment does not affect...

Experimental cancer drugs counter muscle deterioration seen in muscular dystrophy

...iseases and Stroke. Inheritance is linked to the X chromosome and recessive, so the disease primarily affects boys. Most children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy die in their late teens or early 20s. The disease currently has no cure. "We have identified a new rationale for treating muscular dystrophy, aimed ...

Two central mysteries in genome inheritance solved at UCSD

... chromosome-spindle attachments. Each replicated chromosome is comprised of a pair of identical sister chromatids, generated by the copying of the parental DNA strand. These pairs are held together during the early stages of cell division. Once all chromosomes properly connect to the spindle, the pairs are ...

Scientists discover role for dueling RNAs

...catastrophic. If a cell with only one copy of each chromosome (a haploid cell) is forced into meiosis, the progeny won't survive. Fortunately, such destructive meiotic division is avoided in haploid cells because they continually produce IME4 antisense RNA, blocking the production of sense RNA. Antisense IME4, ...

Resistance and genetic sensitivity to sleeping sickness

...demiology, were developed in order to identify the chromosome regions and/or DNA mutations involved in the development of the disease. The researchers used association techniques in order to determine the influence of certain mutations on the DNA of genes coding for particular immune system proteins (cytokines)...

Leading reason for corneal transplants comes into focus

...ommon form of Fuchs, found most often in women, to chromosome 18. "Finding this chromosomal locus is putting...et cases. That gene, labeled COL8A2, was mapped to chromosome 1. Prior to that, a large Indiana family with FCD, including a boy of 10, led the team to yet an...

Regulating the nuclear architecture of the cell

... known as heterochromatin mediates gene silencing, chromosome inheritance, and other processes. Karpen and Peng ...e chromatin structure that plays a crucial role in chromosome segregation during cell division. What other functions abundant heterochromatin may perform are stil...

Evolution and the workaround

...servation that both yeast and cancer cells evolve chromosome duplications to work around lethal stresses suggests that drugs aimed at defeating this process might be particularly effective against pathogens and cancers adept at rapid drug resistance, the researchers say. To stay alive, you have to be both...

Taking 'chips' to the next level of gene hunting

...ble elements, segments of DNA that hop around from chromosome to chromosome. These elements can, depending on wh...ercent of the transposable elements to their exact chromosome locations. The second new chip, described in a separate report published in the Nov. 3 issue of N...

Powerful genome ID method extended to humans

...viduals occasionally have big differences in their chromosome structure. You sometimes find regions where there are larger changes." Such changes could include wholesale deletions of chunks of the genome or additions of extra copies. Cancer genomes, in particular, mutate rapidly and contain frequent abnormal...

Genetic surprise confirms neglected 70-year-old evolutionary hypothesis

...d by Masly and his collaborators. Masly knew that chromosome #4 on melanogaster held a gene that was somehow ve...e whether this was true, Masly had only to look at chromosome #4 and find the gene on it that caused the hybrid sterility. But there was no gene there. "There w...

Brown scientists map structure of DNA-doctoring protein complex

...chromosome, insert its own genes, and then sew the chromosome back up. That work was conducted using the lambda virus, which infects Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria and serves as a model that scientists use to understand mobile DNA. Now scientists in the Landy lab have solved the structure of a DNA-prote...

NYU biologists identify gene that coordinates two cellular processes

...the idea that mel-28 plays important roles in both chromosome segregation and nuclear envelope function. Part of...nsistent with the idea that MEL-28 had function in chromosome segregation and the nuclear envelope, the MEL-28-GFP fusion was observed to shuttle between the nucl...

Discovery of the first resistance gene to rice yellow mottle virus

...ubsequent genetic mapping identified a fragment of chromosome 4 containing the resistance gene. Data from rice genome sequencing have been extremely useful for research on this fragment to find out if one gene rather than another could confer resistance to RYMV. Data from the literature indicates that gene eIF(...

Genome archaeology illuminates the genetic engineering debate

... With these duplications and reductions, genes in chromosome segments can be lost, replicated or shifted over to other chromosomes, Messing explained. As a consequence, plant genomes today contain rearranged segments and many duplicated regions with corresponding sets of genes. In the maize genome, genes were ...

Sequencing of the oyster mushroom genome

..., given that this fungus has a double copy of each chromosome ?as humans do. However, the project of sequencing the complete genome involves the handling of a volume of 280 million letters, given the fact that each one of the two sets of genes has to be read several times in order to ensure a good result. It is...

New clues to how sex evolves

...sex cells, each of which has only one copy of each chromosome instead of the two copies most cells carry. Du... and helps bring together copies of the worm's sex chromosome (the X chromosome) to achieve stable pairing, called synapsis. Now Dernburg and Phillips have found ...

New gene linked to bipolar disorder

...ified the gene ?known as Slynar ?which is found on chromosome 12. Bipolar disorder is known to run strongly in families, but the Slynar gene is one of just three genes now known to be implicated in susceptibility to the disorder. This gene appears to be present in around 10 per cent of bipolar disorder cases...

Evolution of Old World fruit flies on three continents mirrors climate change

...sland in British Columbia. The first samples of chromosome inversions were collected at several sites in Euro...in recently. South American flies were sampled for chromosome inversions in 1981 and again in 1999. In North America, the first samples were collected in 1985 and...

Novel laboratory technique nudges genes into activity

...nditions can result in disease. Surrounding the chromosome is a cloud of proteins that helps determine whethe... effects of the new technique are occurring at the chromosome level, and not at the messenger RNA level, more research is needed to understand the exact mechanism...

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