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Tag: "chromosome" at biology news

Scientists uncover rules for gene amplification

... a hairpin-capped break relative to the end of the chromosome will determine the fate of the amplification event... sequences of DNA, which are weak places where the chromosome can break. These palindromic sequences can be naturally found in human genome. The distribution of ...

Key to early diagnosis of autism may be in the placenta

... trophoblast inclusions were increased in cases of chromosome abnormalities and genetic diseases, but we had no idea whether they would be significantly increased in cases of ASD," said Kliman. "These results are consistent with studies by others who have shown that ASD has a clear genetic basis." Trophoblast ...

Toxic molecule may cause most common type of muscular dystrophy

...h myotonic muscular dystrophy has that mutation on chromosome 19, which is now part of a genetic, diagnostic test for myotonic dystrophy. In their latest research, Mahadevan and colleagues created a new type of mouse model with many extra copies of the CTG repeats, each attached to DNA for a protein that glow...

Genetic tug of war determines sexual differentiation

...vor of male is a third gene, Sry, located on the Y chromosome in the genome and known to be the primary sex-dete...will become a female, while an egg with an X and Y chromosome will become a male. However, during embryonic development, the gonad has the ability to transform ei...

Mouse mimics chronic leukemia, will aid drug development

... is also a cancer of B cells, but it involves many chromosome and gene changes. Byrd and his laboratory are currently investigating whether human CLL cells also have high TCL-1 levels. In this study, Byrd and his research team followed the development of the CLL-like disease in the mouse strain and found tha...

U of M researchers discover genetic key to treating deadly fungal infections

...ts own chromosomes. The cell duplicates one arm of chromosome 5 and deletes the other, replacing it with the duplicate arm. The altered chromosome is known as an "isochromosome." The effect of the duplication is to help the cell tolerate the antif...

Chromosomal abnormalities in sperm higher after vasectomy reversal

...here an abnormal number of specific chromosomes or chromosome sets exist within the nucleus of the cell) and dip...nterval after vasectomy reversal and the total sex chromosome aneuploidy rate ?i.e. the long ago the reversal the better the chances of producing normal sperm. "...

NHGRI announces latest sequencing targets

...because it carries an extraordinary high number of chromosome rearrangements, even when compared to other primat...rangements occur when small or large segments of a chromosome become detached and reattach to the same chromosome or another chromosome. Such chromosomal rearrang...

Researchers find cause of frontotemporal dementia

...previously shown that FTD is caused by a defect in chromosome 17. Chromosome 17 is the carrier of the tau protei...fect in the tau protein, but in another protein in chromosome 17. Christine Van Broeckhoven's research team has now identified this protein: progranulin. In order...

A protein complex that untangles DNA

...n, who leads the research group. Central to both chromosome repair and distribution during cell division are three related protein complexes. "Quite a bit is known about two of these complexes. One of them, cohesin, keeps the DNA copies together such that they do not separate too early; while the other, cond...

Non-coding RNAs help silence the mammalian transcription

...sult from the deletion of the identical portion of chromosome 15. Imprinting determines which disorder arises: When the deletion involves the chromosome 15 that came from the father, the child has Prader-Willi syndrome, but when the deletion involves th...

Speeding the search for elusive chromosomal errors

...ases Conditions that originate in alterations of chromosome architecture have been called "genomic diseases." ...multiple organ systems. For example, patients with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome may have heart defects, impaired immunity and developmental delay. Deletio...

One-dimensional diffusion accelerates molecular motors

...ike a Pacman into the end of the microtubule." The chromosome halves follow this movement and are this way accurately distributed on the daughter cells. ...

DNA to the defense

...ces ?dynamic and variable regions that connect the chromosome ends to the gene-rich cores. These subtelomeres, in some cases comprising 75% of the total chromosome length, contain a large repertoire of genes involved in circumventing the human immune response. Th...

Variations in detoxifying genes linked to Lou Gehrig's disease

...ses (PON 1, PON 2 and PON 3), which are located on chromosome 7q21.3, code for the production of detoxifying enz...idence that gene variations (polymorphisms) on the chromosome region encompassing PON2-PON3 were strongly associated with sporadic ALS. "Thus, single nucleotide...

What controls stickiness of 'smart' chromosomal glue

... and eggs begin life with exactly one copy of each chromosome ?a process that must be exquisitely regulated to p...creates daughter cells with the same complement of chromosome pairs as the parent. Sperm and egg cells, on the other hand, must contain only half the chromosomes ...

'Smart' genetic therapy helps the body to heal itself

...LD). This disease involves a single gene on the X chromosome (the ALD gene) and is the most common inherited single-gene disease involving damage to the myelin sheath, which insulates nerve cells in the brain. Using a mouse model of the disease, Dr Pujol and colleagues found that a protein called ALDR (very...

Evolution reveals an independent route for diversity in animal form

...oups along chromosomes, with their order along the chromosome reflecting their actual pattern of expression along the anterior-posterior axis of a developing animal. The Hox system has long been considered a defining characteristic of animals, and much of the variation seen in animal morphology has been attribu...

Gene transfer using mutant form of good cholesterol cuts vascular plaque and inflammation

...plant from male mice. Because male DNA carries a y chromosome and female DNA does not, the gender mismatch enabled the researchers to precisely track the donor bone marrow. To deliver the gene to the arterial wall, the researchers used a "signal molecule" when they put the genes into the bone marrow. The sign...

P(acman) takes a bite out of deciphering Drosophila DNA

...ch was not possible before. P/phiC31 artificial chromosome for manipulation, or P(acman), combines three rece...ologies: a specially designed bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) that allows maintenance of large pieces of DNA in bacteria, recombineering that allows the man...

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