chromosome 2 2

Tag: "chromosome" at biology news

High-powered gene profiles provide clues to genes involved in common form of lung cancer

...Farber Cancer Institute have identified nearly 100 chromosome regions where genes are either over-copied or miss...DNA (oligonucleotide) microarray equipment to find chromosome regions containing unusual numbers of gene copies. The technology, developed in conjunction with Agi...

Any exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy is risky

...t mutation rates at the HPRT gene located on the X chromosome in cord blood samples from newborns. Dr. Grant's analysis pooled the studies' data, looking for frequency of induced mutation as well as the resulting molecular spectrum of mutations. In particular, the new analysis redefines the "non-smokers" used a...

Big differences in duplicated DNA distinguish chimp and human genomes

...nvolved a piece of DNA near the site of an ancient chromosome fusion point on chromosome 2. In humans, this piece of DNA is represented as four copies, but in the chimp it has expanded to a...

Genetic links could unlock clues to leading cause of blindness

...ld still be stopped. The researchers pinpointed a chromosome region and genetic markers for macular degeneration in humans and rhesus monkeys, findings recently published in the online edition of the journal Experimental Eye Research. Linking the disease in monkeys to the disease in humans allows researchers t...

Brown-Harvard team solves mobile DNA's surgical sleight-of-hand

...t of grafting surgery that allows it to insert its chromosome into a chromosome of the target cell. The process is important because mobile DNA can carry genes that cause drug resi...

Scientists take aim at virulent bacteria by decoding machinery of key control enzyme

...sm used by a particular enzyme to modify bacterial chromosome chemistry, scientists have come a step closer to designing a new kind of drug that could stop virulent bacterial infections in their tracks. Their research will be published in the May 6 issue of the journal Cell. Scientists have known for many year...

Multi-species genome comparison sheds new light on evolutionary processes, cancer mutations

... in the nucleus of each cell. When cells divide, a chromosome occasionally breaks and the fragment can get stuck onto another chromosome. In addition, fragments may break off from two different chromosomes and swap places. Chromosomal breakages, also referred to as translocations, are thought to be important i...

Researchers track down cause of a disfiguring bone disorder

... 35,000 base pairs "downstream" from SOST on human chromosome 17. While they found no difference in the activity of the SOST gene in early mouse embryos, the gene was dramatically "down-regulated," or less active, in adult mice carrying the deleted region than in the normal mice. The findings are strong eviden...

'Punctuated' evolution in the human genome

...) pericentromeric region on the short arm of human chromosome 2. This chromosome has intrigued evolutionary and primate biologists for years because it appears to have formed from t...

Defect in gene causes 'neuralgic amyotrophy'

...ve now shown that HNA is linked to the long arm of chromosome 17, and they have found mutations or alterations in the genetic code of the Septin 9 protein in the patients being studied. HNA is the first mono-genetic disorder caused by a defect in a gene of the Septin family. The researchers do not yet know exa...

Once given 'no respect,' cells' tiny RNAS take driver's seat

...the gene for a set of six microRNAs in a region of chromosome 13 that is already tied to development of human ly...sts. The other paper shows that over-expression of chromosome 13's microRNAs dramatically increases the risk of cancer in mice predisposed to cancer because of a ...

Scientists uncover new clues about brain function in human behavior

...illiams Syndrome who are missing about 21 genes on chromosome seven are highly social and empathetic, even in situations that would elicit fear and anxiety in healthy people. They will eagerly, and often impulsively, engage in social interactions, even with strangers. However, they experience increased anxiety ...

Stressed cells spark DNA repair missteps and speed evolution

...ry in the cell copies the missing DNA from another chromosome and rejoins the broken ends around the newly synthesized genetic material. "It fixes the hole in the DNA by copying similar information," said Rosenberg. However, when the process goes wrong, the repair process introduces errors into the DNA. Whe...

MSKCC researchers uncover structure of key protein complex in cells

...n cancer -- including error-prone DNA replication, chromosome segregation, the cell's response to stress, and normal signaling reactions," said Christopher Lima, PhD, a structural biologist at the Sloan-Kettering Institute and lead author of the study. While there's no direct evidence that SUMO is important in...

Discarded placentas deliver researchers promising cells similar to embryonic stem cells

...d telomerase, that is important for normal DNA and chromosome replication, and by extension, ultimately, cell division. "Perhaps it's to their advantage that the amnion epithelial cells lack telomerase expression, because telomerase is associated with many cancers and one of the main concerns about stem cell t...

MBL researchers probe how an ancient microbe thrives and evolves without sex

...any of them appear to be located at the tip of the chromosome in an area called the telomere, different from the gene-rich portions of the genome, whereas most species tend to have DNA transposons dispersed throughout their genome. ...

California computer scientists double volume of data in NIH biotech repository

...ions between individuals' DNA at the level of each chromosome -- so-called haplotypes -- will permit more accurate study of genetic differences and their consequences for medical research and the study of evolution. Experimental methods for deriving these haplotypes are expensive and time-consuming. But now e...

U-M scientists say fused genes trigger the development of prostate cancer

...ions between individuals' DNA at the level of each chromosome -- so-called haplotypes -- will permit more accurate study of genetic differences and their consequences for medical research and the study of evolution. Experimental methods for deriving these haplotypes are expensive and time-consuming. But now e...

Complex gene interactions account for autism risk

...uke team and other researchers linked a portion of chromosome 15 to autism risk. That region harbors genes that code for three GABA receptors. Since one of the primary functions of GABA is to inhibit nerve cells from firing, it plays a key role in telling the body to "slow down.". The GABA system therefore act...

Studies on human genome variation provide insight into disease

...y pregnancy are dependent on a cluster of genes on chromosome 19 called the Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonad...2,000-4,000 live births and involves a deletion on chromosome 22. The deletion is mediated by rare repetitive sequences that flank genes crucial for proper devel...

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