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Tag: "chromosomal" at biology news

NYU algorithm enhances ability to detect cancer genes

...d in the onset and spread of cancer. Specifically, chromosomal segments, when deleted in a single or both copies of genomes of a group of cancer patients, point to locations of tumor suppressor genes implicated in the cancer. The NYU study focused on automatic methods for reliable detection of such genes, their ...

DNA to the defense

...e African sleeping sickness has evolved an unusual chromosomal structure as a result of environmental adaptation....emonstrate that T. brucei has used a strategy of chromosomal expansion to diversify its repertoire of VSG genes. Most of these genes are concentrated in subte...

Speeding the search for elusive chromosomal errors

...sts have limited resolving power in detecting many chromosomal arrangements. In karyotyping, chromosomes are stai...ng it to test samples from two patients with known chromosomal rearrangements and well-characterized genetic diseases. In a blinded analysis, the experiment found ...

A protein complex that untangles DNA

...omes, must be repaired. "A cancer cell often has chromosomal aberrations that can be linked to erroneous copying, separation, or repair of the DNA molecule. By learning about the normal mechanisms that maintain a stable genome we can gain a better position to understand what goes wrong in cancer", says Camilla...

'Sticky' mice lead to discovery of new cause of neurodegenerative disease

... mice. "There were a lot of candidate genes in the chromosomal region containing the sti mutation," she said, "and this gene was actually the last candidate gene we investigated. It seemed to us that a mutation in a gene so fundamentally important for protein translation would cause early lethality. But when ...

New egg freezing technique offers hope to hundreds of women

...tached to chromosomes, providing the mechanism for chromosomal movement. "Before freezing we observed meiotic spindles in 62.5% of oocytes, but in only 43.4% after thawing. This is statistically significant and I deduced that cryopreservation may induce irreversible damage to the bonding of the microtubules," ...

NHGRI announces latest sequencing targets

...to the same chromosome or another chromosome. Such chromosomal rearrangements can wreak havoc on a cell, and can contribute to birth defects or cancer in humans. The gibbon genome will also help scientists better understand rearrangements called segmental duplications, which are large, almost identical copies o...

'Signature' of chromosome instability predicts cancer outcomes

...echnology report that a genetic profile indicating chromosomal instability -- an increased tendency to develop chromosomal aberrations, critical in cancer development -- is predictive of clinical outcome in a broad range of...

Chromosomal abnormalities in sperm higher after vasectomy reversal

...asectomy reversed have a very much greater rate of chromosomal abnormalities in their sperm than do normal fertil...vasectomy). He found that they had high rates of chromosomal aneuploidy (where an abnormal number of specific chromosomes or chromosome sets exist within the nuc...

Johns hopkins researchers find link between cell's energy use and genome health

...the "wrong" part of the cell? A closer look at the chromosomal and non-chromosomal parts of the cell showed that although the enzyme itself is found only in the former, the chemical made by it is found in both places. The question remained as to why the enzyme Asc2p and its chemical product, known as acetyl-Co...

Speeding discovery of the 'human cancer genome'

...hat noise, and as a tool to determine, in areas of chromosomal alteration, what changes are functionally relevant... genome with potential importance for cancer. Such chromosomal rearrangements often lead to the amplification of cancer-causing genes or the loss of genes that nor...

Where 'jumping genes' fear to tread

... sequences that have the capacity to move from one chromosomal site to another. More than three million copies of transposons have accumulated in humans throughout the course of evolution and now comprise an estimated 45% of the total DNA content in the human genome. These mobile genetic elements are scattered...

Rewind, please: Nature paper shows that cell division is reversible

...ernational recognition for his work in the area of chromosomal movement and cell cycle control. ...

St. Jude projects 90 percent cure rate for ALL

...il the child, the authors reported. For example, a chromosomal abnormality called the TEL-AML1 fusion gene, which is an abnormal combination of two separate genes, confers a relatively favorable outlook for patients with this form of ALL. But patients whose leukemic cells have another genetic abnormality called ...

Utah researchers confirm chromosome may harbor autism gene

... When such identical blocks of SNPs are found, the chromosomal region often is a good candidate for being linked to a disease. Other studies, including the Finnish ones, have found a high degree of evidence linking chromosome 3 to autism, so Coon and the other U researchers began their search on that chromosom...

Tiny RNA molecules fine-tune the brain's synapses

... and autism. He notes that loss of Limk1 due to a chromosomal deletion is associated with Williams syndrome, and that the BDNF pathway that activates Limk1 includes proteins that are disabled in tuberous sclerosis and Fragile X syndrome. All three genetic disorders can cause cognitive impairment and autistic-li...

Fertility drugs given 'all-clear' in new study

... overall rates of major and minor malformations or chromosomal abnormalities between newborns in the two groups," says Dr. Tulandi. "Our findings indicate concerns about a link between letrozole and birth defects are unfounded. This is significant because it confirms that letrozole can indeed be used in the tre...

Birth defects: 8 million annually worldwide

...cted include information on single-gene disorders, chromosomal disorders, and physical malformations. The data do not allow for precise comparisons of birth defects prevalence among countries, according to its authors, Arnold Christianson, M.D., of the National Health Laboratory Service and University of the W...

Scientists crack code for motor neuron wiring

...ese data, the idea began to emerge that within the chromosomal Hox clusters, some Hox proteins are dedicated to b...organized relationship between Hox proteins, their chromosomal organization, and the differentiation and connectivity of motor neuron pools," he said. Jessell sai...

NIH launches comprehensive effort to explore cancer genomics

...enomic changes, such as copy number changes and/or chromosomal translocations, that contribute to cancer development and/or progression. These data from TCGA Centers will be deposited in public databases supported by NCI's cancer Biomedical Informatics Grid (caBIG TM ) and the National Library of Medicine's Nat...

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