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Tag: "chemically" at biology news

Clawed frog helps Fanconi anemia research make leaps

...oatlin, Ph.D. Using extracts from Xenopus eggs and chemically triggering DNA copying, the team showed that the F... components ready for full replication. Then, by chemically activating the extract and adding sperm DNA from the male frog, the proteins in the extract unwind t...

Chemical guidance of T cells leads to immunologic memory and long-term immunity

...read from a distance. Moreover, CD8+ T cells are chemically attracted to the cells that might activate them by the chemokines these other cells produce. Dr. Germain and his colleagues demonstrated that when CD8+ T cells enter the lymph nodes and detect a potential infection, they express receptors that allow ...

Salmonella bacteria use RNA to assess and adjust magnesium levels

...ella experiences a low-magnesium environment, phoQ chemically modifies phoP. The changed phoP binds to DNA, increasing the number of times instructions for making MgtA and over 100 other proteins are copied from DNA. But when Salmonella encounters a high-magnesium environment, phoQ deactivates phoP, and fewer c...

Nanopore method could revolutionize genome sequencing

...e pore. Because each DNA base is structurally and chemically different, each base creates its own distinct electronic signature. Previous attempts to sequence DNA using nanopores were not successful because the twisting and turning of the DNA strand introduced too much noise into the signal being recorded. T...

Oxidation defense in mosquitoes benefits malaria parasite

...prevent the accumulation of 3-HK by converting the chemically reactive 3-HK to the chemically stable XA via transaminase-mediated reactions," said Li. The protein described in the PNAS article...

First direct mechanical communication of mitochondria, cardiomyocyte nucleus shown

...ed cardiac fibers" whose outer membranes have been chemically removed which allows them to control the intracellular medium. They believed that in the tightly packed myocyte, that "mitochondria could push and compress nearby structures like myofibrils and modulate their functional properties." This additional ...

Johns Hopkins lab scientists tame overactive CF protein

...doplasmic reticulum-associated degradation), which chemically "marks" defective proteins for destruction and sends them to the cell's waste-disposal complex, called the proteasome. In people with CF, defects in genes for a protein called CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) interrupt the transport che...

Cycles of cell death, proliferation key to liver cancer

... UCSD implicated the pathway's activator, IKK , in chemically induced liver cancer. However, the surprising outcome of those studies was the finding that while NF-ƒÛB activation in hepatocytes (liver cells) prevents liver cancer, its activation in inflammatory cells, such as tissue macrophages, promotes tumor ...

How plants avoid feeling the burn

...f the carotenoids had to be modified so they could chemically stick to the STM probe's gold tipped electrodes. ...re first picked up by the STM probe's gold tip and chemically bound between these two electrodes, forming a kind of nanoscale bridge. "Gold is a soft metal, and w...

Buckyballs boost antibody's chemotherapy payload

...mors, and work at Rice has shown that Taxol can be chemically attached to a buckyball. "The idea that we can potentially carry more than one Taxol per buckyball is exciting, but the real advantage of fullerene immunotherapy over other targeted therapeutic agents is likely to be the buckyball's potential to car...

Teasing out tissue from blood

...ient's blood cells to the stem cell stage and then chemically nudge them to re-specialise into particular tissue types that can be implanted to heal damaged tissue. A huge advantage over using donated tissue is that the transplant would be "autologous" ?made of the patient's own cells, thus avoiding immune reje...

Gene first linked to rare disease may trigger skin cancer, other tumors

...ins its ability to keep tumors at bay. The enzyme chemically modifies the cancer-promoting protein Bcl-3, first identified in connection with some forms of leukemia. That modification bars the oncogenic protein's entry into the cell nucleus, the central command center and storehouse for DNA, where it would oth...

Protein-coated dental implants could improve bone regeneration

...materials like hydroxyapatite particles, which are chemically similar to the mineral component of bone, may actually interfere with regeneration," Dr. Wikesjö says. "They may not resorb quickly enough and may block the space for new tissue to grow into." The experiments helped researchers narrow down possible...

New strategy rapidly identifies cancer targets

... markers, the team took myeloid leukemia cells and chemically digested them into a mixture of protein snippets called peptides. Next, they extracted all of the peptides carrying extra phosphates and sent them through a mass spectrometer, which precisely measured the weight of each peptide. Sophisticated softwar...

When it comes to gene transcription, random pauses aren’t quite so random, study finds

...e then builds a new complementary strand of RNA by chemically copying ("transcribing") the gene one base at a time. RNAP will continue moving along the DNA strand until the entire gene sequence is transcribed onto the encoded RNA, which then serves as a template for building the actual protein. Nanotechnology...

Researchers unveil strategy for creating actively-programmed anti-cancer molecules

...fessor Carlos F. Barbas III, for example, used the chemically programmed antibody approach in a melanoma model, ...e integrin antagonist directly attributable to the chemically programmed antibody approach. Moreover, the study indicated that this approach allows for the eff...

NYU researchers decorate virus particles, showing potential to enhance MRI capabilities

... assemblies because they contain a large number of chemically reactive groups organized in a very precise array....sed in a variety of different imaging protocols, a chemically modified virus particle now appears to be an attractive option for this type of sophisticated applic...

Corals switch skeleton material as seawater changes

...e of growth that accompanied their exposure to the chemically modified seawaters is further evidence of corals' extreme sensitivity to environmental change," Ries said. "This is particularly significant given recently observed and predicted future changes in the temperature and acidity of our oceans ¬¬-- via ...

With record resolution and sensitivity, tool images how life organizes in a cell membrane

...s, 'I know what's there,' he or she means, 'I know chemically what's there.' I know that this is cholesterol or ...hat provides rich, mass-specific information about chemically what's in that cell membrane. Boxer compared the concept to learning about people sitting in chairs...

Pure carbon nanotubes pass first in vivo test

...indings are from the first in vivo animal study of chemically unmodified carbon nanotubes, a revolutionary nanomaterial that many researchers hope will prove useful in diagnosing and treating disease. The research will appear in this week's online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. ...

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