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Tag: "chemical" at biology news

Gene that makes people 'early to bed and early to rise' demystified

...t the lost "phosphorylation" prevents a cascade of chemical modifications that are normally primed by the initial event. Moreover, they show that the human gene inserted into otherwise normal mice causes them to rise early, symptoms that mirror those in people with FASPS. In contrast, a mutation that mimic...

Scientists unveil piece of HIV protein that may be key to AIDS vaccine development

... part due to the inherently flexible nature of the chemical bonds in gp120. To overcome the problem, the investigators created a variety of gp120s and eventually made the protein stiff enough to capture a picture of it in complex with b12. They saw that b12 binds gp120 at the same point where gp120 initially ...

Researchers create artificial enzyme that mimics the body's internal engine

...ctive site-a region on the protein's surface where chemical reactions occur. According to Collman, this new mo...n site, which involves an elaborate sequence of 32 chemical steps, was built from scratch and took several years to develop. The site contains the three acti...

Cancer tip -- Nanoparticles can damage DNA, increase cancer risk

...re currently in use in electronics, cosmetics, and chemical manufacturing, among others industries. Because of their extremely small size, they can be difficult to isolate from the larger environment, as they are much too small for removal by conventional filtering techniques. When nanoparticles find the...

Genes may determine success of hip replacement surgery

...nd in bone and cartilage, while interleukin 6 is a chemical involved in bone metabolism and the immune response. Vitamin D synthesis is important for strong healthy bones. Variations in the interleukin 6 gene did not seem to have any effect. But those with variations in MMP1 were more than three times a...

Twin studies reveal genetic components leading to cardiac and kidney disease

...s trigged by a gene that regulates catecholamines, chemical compounds produced in the adrenal gland that are released in reaction to stress. The study measured the plasma concentration of ET-1 in about 300 twins. The results establish and verify a previously unsuspected link between catecholamines and the end...

Erectile dysfunction in diabetes is due to selective defect in the brain

...els. The animals were randomly selected to receive chemical injection of the streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Those rats that did not receive STZ (vehicle injected) served as controls. The experiments began on each of the rats four weeks after the injections. Four experiments were conducted. Exper...

OHSU lab finds meth receptor that could lead to therapy

...macology. Grandy’s lab found TAAR1 is activated by chemical relatives of meth known as phenylethylamines. The messenger RNA that codes for TAAR1 is expressed throughout the brain, including areas involved in motivation and drug craving, olfaction ?the sense of smell ?and temperature regulation, to name a few....

Cheaper, better disease treatments expected from faster approach to developing antibodies

...ch developed by the laboratory of the professor of chemical engineering, biomedical engineering, and molecular...lead author Yariv Mazor, a postdoctoral student in chemical engineering, engineered antibodies to an anthrax toxin called PA. He and Thomas Van Blarcom, a gradu...

Ethanol vehicles pose a significant risk to human health, study finds

...pe are affected by a variety of factors, including chemical reactions, temperatures, sunlight, clouds, wind and precipitation,'' he explained. ''In addition, overall health effects depend on exposure to these airborne chemicals, which varies from region to region. Ours is the first ethanol study that takes in...

Applied scientists create wrinkled 'skin' on polymers

...zipper. "Irradiation by the ion beam alters the chemical composition of the polymer close to its surface and forms a thin stiff skin which wants to expand," explains Vaziri. "The consequent mismatch between the mechanical strain of the generated stiff skin and the underlying polymeric substrate, almost lik...

Chemical switch triggers critical cell activities

...re. The St. Jude discovery explains how a simple chemical link between molecules called a thioester bond act...ding to the researchers. These thioester bonds are chemical links between two biological molecules that form when a sulfur atom on one of the molecules binds to...

Nanotechnology shows promise as next wrinkle fighter

... small. Nano small. A Michigan State University chemical engineer has discovered that nanoparticles can sto...uman skin. Ilsoon Lee, an assistant professor of chemical engineering, along with Ph.D. student Troy Hendricks, published an online article in the American Ch...

Cancer researchers add spice to research against rare neuromuscular disease

...ase and affects only men. The compound, a distant chemical relative of a component of the spice curry, dramat... Among the compounds tested is ASC-J9, a synthetic chemical compound that is loosely based on a compound found in curcumin. Significantly, however, ASC-J9 has b...

Freeze! Scientists film proteins at work by freezing them at different states

...ade a movie of an enzyme (a protein that catalyses chemical reactions) found in bacteria. “The achievement of ...ates were the appropriate ones by showing them the chemical bonds in each stage of the reaction. Once they had identified the right states, they studied the sam...

New sensor detects gaseous chemical weapon surrogates in 45 seconds

...fic Northwest National Laboratory have developed a chemical weapon agent sensing technique that promises to me...current and emerging defense and homeland security chemical detection requirements. The technique, called Quartz Laser Photo-Acoustic Sensing, or "QPAS," is now...

Scientists unlock mystery of embryonic stem cell signaling pathway

...ethod to provide the stem cells with the necessary chemical signals that prompt them to stay undifferentiated ...eck School of Medicine. “His team has identified a chemical that controls a critical switch that enables stem cells to multiply indefinitely in the laboratory. ...

Largest genomic search finds genes that may contribute to autism

...mitter glutamate is released. Glutamate is a brain chemical that has been previously implicated in autism. The new finding suggests that the gene is potentially important in autism. "As for the chromosome 11 location, we think there is another susceptibility gene there and we are actively pursuing it. We...

Brain networks strengthened by closing ion channels

... These receptors are stimulated by a natural brain chemical norepinephrine or by medications like guanfacine. "Guanfacine can strengthen the connectivity of these networks by keeping these channels closed, thus improving working memory and reducing distractibility," she said. "This is the first time we h...

Primitive yeast yields secrets of human cholesterol and drug metabolism

...e P450. These enzymes control many life-sustaining chemical reactions in humans and other animals. Happily, Espenshade says, yeast have only two P450 enzymes, and both play roles in making cholesterol, narrowing down the territory for their search and giving them a telltale marker (the cholesterol) to trac...

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