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Tag: "chemical" at biology news

A new portable biosensor detects traces of contaminants in food more quickly and cheaply

...l use of atrazine, and other herbicides based on a chemical substance called triazine, often causes contaminat...ven be made for personal, disposable use . The chemical mechanism to detect contaminants in a sample is very similar to that used by the immune system to id...

Hives ferment a yeasty brew, attract beetle pest

...and produces, as a fermentation product, the alarm chemical that draws the beetles. "It is possible that be...nd honeybees to isopentyl acetate (IPA), the major chemical in the bee's alarm pheromones. The first tests showed that when worker bees become alarmed, they pro...

Switching genes to overdrive improves muscular dystrophy symptoms in mice

...s, causing the formation of more mitochondria, the chemical power plants that create energy in cells. PGC-1...t also had elevated PGC-1alpha. Using exercise and chemical tests, the researchers compared muscle function in the offspring with MDX mice having no additional ...

Revealing the machinery underlying the 'plastic' juvenile brain

...perience in the juvenile brains triggered telltale chemical alterations in substances called histones that wer...inistered a drug to adult mice that would increase chemical modification of histone. They found that such adult mice, indeed, showed an increase in a form of vi...

Brain maps online

... researchers in identifying fine morphological and chemical abnormalities underlying Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other neurological diseases, Mikula said. To make the maps, the researchers started with sections of brain mounted on microscope slides. Those slides were scanned to create image files or "vir...

MIT's ocean model captures diversity of underwater forests

...ne to better understand the oceans' biological and chemical cycles and their role in regulating atmospheric ca...s natural selection. It simulates the physical and chemical characteristics of the oceans, but adds to the virtual soup about 100 random types of phytoplankton....

Researchers wake up viruses inside tumors to image and then destroy cancers

...x virus, can be imaged by an injected radiolabeled chemical (FIAU), which can then be imaged using a gamma camera. "To perform molecular-genetic imaging, we have always had to infect cells with active herpes simplex virus so that they can replicate, express TK, and only then could we use the FIAU tracer t...

Scientists see DNA get 'sunburned' for the first time

...ge in real time. They observed the most common chemical reaction among a family of reactions on the DNA mo...ys away harmlessly, but occasionally it triggers a chemical reaction that alters the DNA's molecular structure. Previously, scientists believed that the long...

Studies force new view on biology of flavonoids

...vonoids are highly metabolized, which alters their chemical structure and diminishes their ability to function as an antioxidant," said Balz Frei, professor and director of the Linus Pauling Institute. "The body sees them as foreign compounds and modifies them for rapid excretion in the urine and bile." Fl...

Scientists genetically engineer tomatoes with enhanced folate content

... tomatoes involved increasing the level of another chemical in the plant, pteridine. Little is known about this chemical, which is found in virtually all fruits and vegetables. ...

Mechanism of nicotine's learning effects explored

...tter acetylcholine. Such neurotransmitters are the chemical signals that one neuron launches at another to trigger a nerve impulse in the receiving neuron. In their studies, Mansvelder and colleagues found that by activating acetylcholine receptors, nicotine affects a process called “spike-timing-dependent...

Beyond the DNA: Chemical signatures reveal genetic switches in the genome

..."The beauty of this approach is that it utilizes a chemical signature present on histones but not DNA. Existing methods to predict enhancers rely on the DNA sequence alone, but these are inadequate because we have an incomplete understanding of the sequence features that identify enhancers. The elucidation of...

Researchers design pulsed mircrojet system to deliver protein drugs without pain or bruising

...ating pain," says Samir Mitragotri, a professor of chemical engineering at UCSB and a lead author of the paper. The system was designed as an alternative to the macro-scale systems that had been causing pain and bruising. "We realized that we had to find a way to stop the jets from going deep into the skin," ...

Pitt study notes decline in male births in the US and Japan

...know that nutritional factors, physical health and chemical exposures of pregnant women affect their ability to have children and the health of their offspring. We suspect that some combination of these factors, along with older age of parents, may account for decreasing male births.? Dr. Davis explained ...

Power-boosting signal in muscle declines with age

...mical, chronic exposure through feeding of another chemical that induces AMPK by mimicking an energy shortage,...ger animals. Young rats infused with a stimulatory chemical showed an increase in muscular AMPK activity not seen in old rats, they found. Similarly, the muscle...

New compound prevents alcoholic behavior, relapse in animals by blocking stress response

...shows that a newly discovered compound that blocks chemical signals active during the brain’s response to stre...uch stress is linked with higher levels of a brain chemical called corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), which is also thought to trigger relapse in rats that h...

Brown cancer biologists identify major player in cell growth

...deleting a critical piece of the gene when given a chemical signal. From these mice, Rosmarin and his team grew fibroblasts -- common connective tissue cells -- in a Petri dish with nutrient-rich serum and watched them grow. When they detonated their time bomb, GABP was disrupted, and the fibroblasts' abil...

'Marathon mice' elucidate little-known muscle type

...in physical activity." Skeletal muscle converts chemical energy into motion and force, ranging from rapid and sudden bursts of intense activity to continuous low-intensity work, the researchers said. At one functional extreme, muscles such as the soleus--a broad, flat muscle found in the calf of the leg--p...

Enhancing activity of marijuana-like chemicals in brain helps treat

... activity of neurons in the striatum relies on the chemical dopamine. A shortage of dopamine in the striatum can lead to Parkinson's disease, in which a person loses the ability to execute smooth motions, progressing to muscle rigidity, tremors and sometimes complete loss of movement. The condition affect...

How appetite-stimulating brain cells work overtime during fasting

...tter of a sort," Diano said. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that relay signals to and from neurons. "Changes in temperature could have a strong effect on brain function." The findings emphasize the complexity of the feeding circuitry, which once "seemed so simple," wrote Charles Mobbs of Mount S...

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