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Tag: "chemical" at biology news

Genome of Clostridium botulinum reveals the background to world's deadliest toxin

..., C. botulinum comes with its own ‘antibiotic’ — a chemical called boticin that kills competing bacteria." Genome sequences can tell us a lot about the biology of the organism, but research into clostridia has been hampered by the lack of a good genetic system. Professor Nigel Minton, Professor of Applied ...

Detecting cold, feeling pain: Study reveals why menthol feels fresh

...hers discovered that the receptor was activated by chemical cooling agents such as menthol, a natural product of mint, and cool air. They reported their discovery, or "cloning," of the receptor in "Nature" (March 7, 2002), hypothesizing that the receptor would play a key role in sensing cold. However, some su...

Scientists discover 5 new species of sea slugs from the Tropical Eastern Pacific

... lacking outer shells—have developed sophisticated chemical defense mechanisms, which is particularly important because promising industrial and medicinal products have been isolated from known species. New species may provide cures for diseases that are currently untreatable. Working from the Smithsonian ...

Mice with a migraine show signs of brain damage

...ergy as the organ attempts to restore the delicate chemical balance that is lost in the initial throes of a ph...ygen as it works frantically to restore the proper chemical balance. Oxygen-rich blood pours into the area to allow brain tissue to work overtime; the team foun...

Salk scientists hammer out a pathway that promotes muscle cell survival in mice

..., stuck in place. Without loosening the brake by a chemical modification process known as phosphorylation, muscle-specific genes could not be activated and the mice lacked proper muscle function. In order to determine how CREB acts to regulate HDAC, Berdeaux and colleagues looked for phosphorylation sites...

Technique monitors thousands of molecules simultaneously

...nuscule electrodes on a tiny computer chip that do chemical reactions and yield molecules that bind to recepto...uctures? "We've worked very hard to develop new chemical reactions that allow us to make new structures that are either difficult or impossible to make with ...

Protein enables discovery of quantum effect in photosynthesis

...is transforms light, carbon dioxide and water into chemical energy in plants and some bacteria. The wavelike characteristic of this energy transfer process can explain its extreme efficiency, in that vast areas of phase space can be sampled effectively to find the most efficient path for energy transfer. ...

Amphibians in losing race with environmental change

...as led to higher rates of parasite infections, and chemical contamination of aquatic systems is also more common. Many animal species lay their eggs communally or congregate socially, often to avoid predation or improve resource use. But global warming has caused higher levels of certain infectious disea...

Fuel from fiber -- Pretreatment can put corn stalks, trees in your car's tank

...Bruce Dale, Michigan State University professor of chemical engineering and materials science, making fuels from poplar trees and corn stalks is becoming more efficient and cost-effective. Dale is internationally known for his 30 years of research on making ethanol from plant biomass ?the stems, leaves, st...

Newborn neurons like to hang with the 'in' crowd

...ch arrives at the pre-synaptic area, it releases a chemical signal. The signaling molecules travel across the ... is activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, a chemical released by neurons in order to transmit information to neighboring cells. Whenever the receptor pic...

Fat screen delivers plant-derived chemical with antidiabetic effects

...ffects attributed to other antidiabetes drugs. The chemical they pinpointed, known as harmine, was first isola...lic effects of harmine through optimization of the chemical structure," said Peter Tontonoz, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at the University of...

Egyptians, not Greeks were true fathers of medicine

...he work is inextricably linked to state-of-the-art chemical analyses used by my colleague Judith Seath, who sp...eeks. "Our research is continuing on a genetic, chemical and comparative basis to compare the medicinal plants of ancient Egypt with modern species and to in...

The longest carbon nanotubes you've ever seen

...tiny tubes, the researchers combined advantages of chemical vapor deposition (CVD), a technique for creating thin coatings that is especially common in the semiconductor industry, with a novel substrate and catalyst onto which the carbon attaches. Supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the ...

DNA-damage test could aid drug development

...one marrow. Joe Shuga, the graduate student in chemical engineering who developed the assay, is in the unu...ts. With the new assay, "instead of testing one chemical and one dose in one animal, you'll be able to take one animal, get the bone marrow out and test a th...

100 percent of pregnant women have at least one kind of pesticide in their placenta

...ngs are directly responsible for more than 110,000 chemical substances which have been generated since the Ind...l-child exposure via the placenta to environmental chemical substances with hormonal activity), written by María José López Espinosa, from the Department of Rad...

Chemical maps hint at drug's effects on schizophrenia

...se metabolomics -- the measurement of thousands of chemical byproducts of the body's cellular processes -- to ...al meeting, in San Diego, Kaddurah-Daouk said that chemical signatures measured by metabolomics were different for schizophrenia patients than for people withou...

Iowa State scientists demonstrate first use of nanotechnology to enter plant cells

...cell walls and simultaneously deliver a gene and a chemical that triggers its expression with controlled preci...cle has a unique "capping" strategy that seals the chemical goods inside. In previous studies, his group successfully demonstrated that the caps can be chemical...

Hexavalent chromium in drinking water causes cancer in lab animals

...rs announced today that there is strong evidence a chemical referred to as hexavalent chromium, or chromium 6, causes cancer in laboratory animals when it is consumed in drinking water. The two-year study conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) shows that animals given hexavalent chromium develope...

Study warns deep-sea mining may pose serious threat to fragile marine ecosystems

...nities showed that life could exist on thermal and chemical energy. Since oceans have existed, more or less, since the beginning of Earth's history, these deep sea hydrothermal vents could be the most ancient sites of life on Earth. Yet the vents are not only of scientific interest, since the organisms may ha...

Latent memory of cells comes to life

...osomes. Importantly, nucleosomes can carry various chemical modifications that either allow, or prevent, the e...n also happen during the lifetime of a cell due to chemical reactions allowing interconversions between the different nucleosome types. The effect of these chan...

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