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Tag: "changes" at biology news

Fast and slow -- How the spinal cord controls the speed of movement

... we know the pattern, we can begin to ask how that changes in disease states." David McLean, Cornell postdoctoral researcher in Fetcho’s laboratory, was the first person to discover the pattern of neural activation and how it was associated with speed of movement. He is the lead author on the study. Th...

Proteasome activator enhances survival of Huntington's disease neuronal model cells

...nisms in HD. The manuscript shows that cellular changes due to expression of huntingtin protein with longer CAG repeats can reduce the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) function in Huntington¡¦s disease cells. Following compromise of the UPS, the overexpression of proteasome activator PA28 can specificall...

Leukemia drug turns mini-molecules up, cancer genes down

...used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia induces changes in an unusual class of small molecules called micr...w the drug ATRA affects miRNA levels and how those changes affect the cells. The investigators exposed the leukemia cells to the drug for up to 96 hours, c...

Man's best friend lends insight into human evolution

...that of dog social problem solving, occurred after changes in our species' social emotions lifted social constraints." ...

Deconstructing brain wiring, one neuron at a time

...circuit, they can then deactivate it, and test for changes in brain function. ...

It's never too late to get it back! Aging interrupted

...if it is taken for a lifetime. Physiological changes associated with ageing include cell damage and the emergence of cancer cells. The most important effects of low calorie diets and longevity therapeutics given late in life may not be to prevent this damage, but instead to stimulate the body to elimi...

Researchers develop marker that identifies energy-producing centers in nerve cells

...to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, as well as changes in the brain associated with stroke and aging. ... general way, we could look into whether there are changes in neuronal mitochondria as we age." Using advanced genetic techniques, the researchers have pro...

Genetic fingerprints identify brain tumors' origins

...alized characteristics as the brain matures. These changes in gene activity levels are called changes in gene expression. The researchers found that tumors arising in different regions of the brain r...

Tundra disappearing at rapid rate

...k, also from the Faculty of Science, reconstructed changes in the density and altitude of treeline forests in...lishment and death of spruce trees and reconstruct changes in treeline vegetation. The study is published in the "Journal of Ecology." They found that a rap...

New success in engineering plant oils

... oil composition so drastically by simple specific changes in seed oil metabolism, and that this process can occur independently from the adaptation to either tropical or temperate climates." For example, such a technique could lead to the engineering of temperate crop plants to produce saturated oils as ...

Gut research yields new anti-cancer approach

...e cell skeleton rigid and unable to make the shape changes necessary for cell division. Brought to the market by Bristol-Myers Squibb in 1993, Taxol had annual sales of $1.6 billion at its peak in 2000. Unfortunately, Taxol and other standard, anti-tubulin drugs failed in colorectal cancer clinical trials...

Mechanism of nicotine's learning effects explored

... “spike-timing-dependent potentiation?that governs changes in strength of signaling connections among neurons. What’s more, the researchers traced this effect to nicotine’s action on specific kinds of neurons, called GABAergic neurons, in the learning centers. In turn, the effects on GABAergic neurons affect...

Scientists identify molecular cause for one form of deafness

...d humans. "We found the structure of the bundles changes dramatically when normal espin is replaced with es...hampaign. "The interior structure of the bundles changes from a rigid, hexagonal array of uniformly twisted filaments, to a liquid crystalline arrangement of...

Changes in amino acids in the 1918 influenza virus cut transmission

Modest changes in the 1918 flu virus's hemagglutinin receptor binding site—a molecular structure critical for the spread of infection—stopped viral transmission in ferrets, according to a new study conducted by researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine and at t...

Mutation improves memory, may lead to memory-enhancing pill

...ne expression that leads to the long-term synaptic changes required for memory formation," the researchers concluded. "These findings also raise the interesting possibility that regulators of translation could serve as therapeutic targets for the improvement of memory, for instance in human disorders associa...

Action video games sharpen vision 20 percent

...n a standard eye chart. "Action video game play changes the way our brains process visual information," says Daphne Bavelier, professor of brain and cognitive sciences at the University of Rochester. "After just 30 hours, players showed a substantial increase in the spatial resolution of their vision, mea...

Major gene study uncovers secrets of leukemia

...pment. Together these genes coordinate the complex changes needed to induce progenitor cells to differentiate into B lymphocytes. In ALL, the leukemic cells fail to differentiate normally and instead remain blocked at an immature stage of development. Locked in this state, the leukemic cells continue to prol...

Researchers learn what sparks plant growth

...h plants alter their shape and size in response to changes in their environment. Chory studies Arabidopsis, a member of the mustard family that is to plant biologists what the mouse is to mammalian geneticists. "How do organisms decide when to grow and when to stop growing? These questions are especially ...

Human's ecological footprint in 2015 and Amazonia revealed

...ue of Frontiers, researchers review newly revealed changes in the Amazon rainforests and the ecosystem servic...vailability of forest products. Yet some important changes in the rainforests, and in the ecosystem services they provide, have been underappreciated until rec...

Need oxygen? Cells know how to spend and save

..."so it's vital for them to quickly react to slight changes in oxygen levels." The protein-swap is how they do...enza. "This suggests that adapting mitochondria to changes in oxygen levels may be a major challenge for most organisms on Earth." ...

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