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Tag: "chain" at biology news

Professors to develop hand-held pathogen testing device

...d into the device where it will undergo polymerase chain reaction for the selected harmful pathogens. Polymerase chain reaction is a process that takes a small amount of DNA and makes billions of copies so the pathogens...

UCSD researchers discover internal compass of immune cell

...s the chemical adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The chain of events necessary to direct the neutrophils toward its goal begins when ATP is released from the region of the cell surface closest to the source of chemoattractants. Next, ATP binds to a nucleotide receptor called P2Y2 on the cell surface, a step...

Silver bullet: UGA researchers use laser, nanotechnology to rapidly detect viruses

... must be confirmed with a test known as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which detects the virus itself by copying it many times. The test can take anywhere from several days to two weeks. Tripp said the latter is clearly too long, especially in light of emerging threats such as H5N1 avian influenza. "F...

Scientists find new way to manipulate DNA

...ciences. The paper, "Universal scaling for polymer chain scission in turbulence," defines which flow forces and at what levels those forces cause polymers to break in turbulence. "This paper understands how they are breaking in a new way that resolves some issues that have been present for 40 years," ...

Electric jolt triggers release of biomolecules, nanoparticles

...ful molecule to this surface, the team used a long chain of hydrocarbon molecules. At one end, the tether was anchored to the electrode by a gold-sulfur bond. At the other end was the biomolecule they wished to release on command. The researchers then sent a brief, mild pulse of electricity through wires a...

Mayo discovers protein as potential tactic to prevent tumors

...hosphorylation to a specific serine residue on the chain of amino acids that make up FOXO1. In case of robust errors found in the genetic code, CDK2 signals FOXO1 to explicitly call for the cell to produce a set of proteins leading to apoptosis. "If the cell has minor alterations in the DNA code that ca...

New sunscreen ingredient to heal sunburn and help prevent skin cancer

...ising agent that forms free radicals which trigger chain reactions that potentially lead to DNA damage that can convert healthy skin cells into cancerous ones." ...

Detailed 3-D image catches a key regulator of neural stem cell differentiation in action

...ail that hangs from its globular structure, like a chain on a light fixture. Enzymes called kinases turn the "light" on by adding small phosphate chemical groups - giving RNA polymerase the go-ahead to transcribe genes - while removal of those phosphates by phosphatases like Scp1 turns out the light, e...

Ebola-outbreak kills 5000 gorillas

...geted vaccination strategies that, by breaking the chain of transmission, could be much more efficient than in the case of outbreaks driven entirely by reservoir spillover. The consistent spread rate of the Ebola infection wave also suggests that vaccination could be targeted just ahead of the advancing wa...

Hopkins scientists link immune response to 'ghost' parasites and severely congested sinuses

...ne lining the nose, and using real-time polymerase chain reaction tests, analyzed the samples for any genetic differences between the groups. When researchers initially compared all the nasal tissue samples, they found that half had the gene for AMCase turned on, or expressed, to make the chitinase prote...

'GreeneChip' -- New diagnostic tool that rapidly and accurately identifies multiple pathogens

... and slower methods, such as culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, the GreeneChip was used in the analysis of an unknown sample from a patient with a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF)-like syndrome. Within six to eight days of infection, Marburg virus causes an acute febrile illness that...

Molecules in blood foretell development of preeclampsia

... to the receptors, the binding process initiates a chain of events in the cells. PlGF binds to Flt1 on the lining of blood vessels. Another substance, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) also binds to Flt1. This binding process is essential to keeping blood vessels healthy and maintaining normal b...

Newts which regrow their hearts

...s typical of heart muscle cells - the heavy myosin chain and various troponins - were dramatically down-regulated in this process. At the same time, the cells embark on massive cell division to build up new heart muscle. It takes around two weeks for the heart function to be restored in the newt. The data ...

Researchers seek to design first treatment for neuroAIDS

...ide in the brain. In response, those cells set off chain reactions that bring other immune cells rushing into the brain to fight infection. The same reactions cause inflammation (swelling) that presses on brain tissue, reducing function. Thus, researchers believe a successful therapy for neuroAIDS will nee...

New approach to BSE successful in lab

... becoming ‘diseased.?The result is an irresistible chain reaction. The malformed prion proteins can be depo...?PrP-Scr of its ability to spread" In this way the chain reaction would be interrupted. New therapeutic approach Scientists from Munich’s Ludwig Maximi...

Nobel Laureate finds 'elegant' explanation for DNA transcribing enzyme's high fidelity

... the enzyme. Those interactions leave another side chain in the trigger loop precisely positioned, such tha...ical bonds that link components of the growing RNA chain together. If the NTP is even slightly misaligned, Kornberg said, those critical interactions fail. ...

Decoy pill saves brain cells

...em. If over-activated, glutamate receptors start a chain reaction that raises the concentration of calcium and activates calpain, among other toxic enzymes. But Baudry and Xu observed that in one receptor, mGluR1?, the situation is even worse. Under normal conditions, this receptor is neuroprotective. H...

Microfluidic chip helps solve cellular mating puzzle

...gen-activated protein kinases, or MAPKs, through a chain of chemical reactions. First, sensors on the surface of a yeast cell pick up signals that a mating partner is nearby. Then the message is passed down toward the cell’s control center, the nucleus. The messengers that carry it to the nucleus are MA...

Stanford scientists make major breakthrough in regenerative medicine

...e spinal cords, distinguishing them in the greater chain of life and on the evolutionary ladder. Specifically, sea squirts, like humans, belong to a group of animals called chordates (organisms with some level of spinal cord development), and many scientists believe that sea squirts approximate what the ve...

Living with water scarcity -- world must act now

...itute points out that "reducing losses in the food chain and being careful with our diets can lead to significant water savings. Combined with other good agricultural production practices, water use could stabilize at present levels." In developed countries, people eat more than what is healthy and 30% t...

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