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Tag: "chain" at biology news

The molecular post office inside the cell

...ds the sequence as soon as the newly built protein chain leaves the ribosome. The SRP binds to the ribosome and directs it, together with the SRP receptor, to what is called the "translocon complex" in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. The translocon complex is made of a "protein conducting channe...

Researchers appeal for new regulations to save coral reefs from live fish trade

...late, the absence of an important part of the food chain means the coral reef hierarchy is in turmoil. The coral-eating crown-of-thorns starfish is likely to thrive in these situations, particularly when the corals are already stressed by a multitude of other impacts including global warming. According t...

In drug design, a loose fit may be best bet

..., a hormone released in the brain that kicks off a chain of events throughout the body, including the stimulation of the thyroid gland. As with many of the body's hormones, cells recognize TRH using a receptor belonging to a mega-family of proteins known as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which play a...

University of Minnesota researchers take new look at cellular suicide

... in DNA destruction. In one process, JNK starts a chain reaction that leads to the activation of an enzyme that chops up DNA. In the other process, JNK activates the histone H2AX. The activated enzyme and the activated histone work together to make mincemeat of the DNA. Dong and his colleagues are the fir...

Proteins as parents

...rce microscopy. To do this, one end of the protein chain was attached onto a solid support and the other end was adsorbed onto the tip of the atomic force microscope. When the tip is gradually pulled away from the support, the protein elongates and the force increases until the protein finally unfolds. The...

Ring-like formations in drying DNA drops could affect hybridization studies

...trated and formed a liquid crystal with concentric chain orientations. (Liquid crystals are materials that flow like a liquid, but can align in a preferred direction like a crystalline solid.) During the final stages of drying, stresses propagated from the rim inward through the liquid crystal, creating cr...

All the eggs in one basket

... loss of productivity available to the animal food chain ?including commercial reef fishes ?reducing the protein-rich food available for the Caribbean people," say the researchers. When the hawksbill's numbers were larger they ate more toxic sponges. Now however, the results suggest the turtles are eatin...

Wasps queue for top job

...arder to help their queen than those higher up the chain because they have less to lose, and consequently a...h Council (NERC), reveals that those higher up the chain and therefore with a greater chance of being the next in line to breed are much lazier than their lo...

'Smart' genetic therapy helps the body to heal itself

...re the actual marker of the disease, the very-long chain fatty acids in white blood cells and plasma. If these levels have normalised with valproate, they hope to be able to start a double-blind clinical trial in collaboration with Professor Patrick Aubourg of INSERM, the French national medical research...

Robots manipulating animal behaviour

...sponses from individual insects. This results in a chain action or reaction between the artificial and natural agents ?a two-way interaction that is unique and very promising for sciences such as biology and robotics." Not only did the insbots act like and interact with the insects, they even succeeded i...

Study provides first look at the 'birth' of a retina cell

... can use the fluorescent protein to illuminate the chain of events that occurs when a gene mutation interferes with rod -- or even cone -- development. "This model may give us the earliest look yet at some devastating diseases we are all eager to cure," he says. ...

No-mow grass may be coming to your yard soon

...es that regulate stature." Knowing the molecular chain of command -- how the hormone acts to influence genetic events that govern development at the cellular level -- gives scientists a way to reshape the steroid pathway to develop plants that grow in specified ways. "We might be able to dwarf grass an...

New strategy developed to combat West Nile Virus

...lorida, where certain weather patterns set off the chain of events that leads to amplification. ...

'Cellular antennae' on algae give clues to how human cells receive signals

...it activates an enzyme that signals the start of a chain of chemical reactions. Although the cilia could m...e signaling molecules. The failure to activate the chain of chemical reactions indicated that IFT was necessary for this function. Analysis showed that the...

Researchers discover how bacteria sense their environments

...s kinases, or enzymes, within the cell, starting a chain reaction that leads to a response, such as changing how the flagella (or tails) spin. This allows the bacterium to move toward or away from what it has sensed. Such a mechanism of amplification allows signals from the receptors to travel hundreds o...

Key molecular signaling switch involved in allergic disease identified

...entified a key enzyme responsible for triggering a chain of events that results in allergic reaction, according to new study findings published online this week in Nature Immunology. The work by researchers from Virginia Commonwealth University, the Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medical C...

Solved: The mystery of flesh-eating bacteria's relentless attack

...o they began to search for the missing link in the chain of events. They expected to find an enzyme that degrades IL-8. Drawing on a database of enzymes and using advanced techniques that measure the levels of gene transcription products in a cell, they soon identified the culprit: an enzyme called ScpC. ...

Scientists find a key to immune system's ability to remember

...ection or vaccination, Lck initiates a biochemical chain of events that vastly increases the number of T cells that march off to combat the invader. After the infection subsides, the number of T cells marshaled to fight that agent decreases dramatically. But a smaller subset, known as "memory" cells, re...

Age-related changes in DNA repair illuminate the connection between age and genetic damage

...of a variety of tissue types. Breaks in the DNA chain have a variety of causes and occur frequently in the course of natural cellular processes. Repairing such breaks is an essential but hazardous process, often leaving missing or added bases at the point of repair. Cells possess a variety of methods fo...

How blood flow dictates gene expression

...is the first time, at a molecular level, that this chain has been demonstrated in an animal." Swirling eddies of blood form when vessels branch, much like when a river divides. Atherosclerosis typically forms at these sites of so-called disturbed flow as opposed to regions of rapid blood flow through t...

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