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Tag: "chain" at biology news

Gene therapy may protect normal tissues during radiation retreatment for lung cancer

...tal shelf or starved to death as links in the food chain were broken by the permanent ice cover. There would have been no refuge for shallower living animals further down the continental slope, as huge sediment slides would have buried them. Typically these ecosystems would have been made up of sponges, ur...

Molecular cabal contributes to stroke damage

...and acidotoxicity have discovered how an insidious chain of molecular events contributes to its damage. In an article in the November 23, 2005, issue of Neuron, Jun Gao and colleagues say that their findings could contribute to the development of drugs to protect against the molecular "cabal" that produces...

Sickle cell disease corrected in human models using stem cell-based gene therapy

... RNA specific for beta S-globin, the globin mutant chain that causes sickle cell disease. "An innovative and sophisticated approach was needed to genetically engineer hematopoietic stem cells using a practical and clinically applicable process. The transferred gene must not disrupt the cells' normal func...

Bacteria which sense the Earth's magnetic field

...to evidence that genetics regulate the magnetosome chain exactly. The structure is one of the most complex ...etosome crystals have to be strung into a straight chain inside the cell, thereby summing their magnetic moments. Only such a chain structure allows the magn...

First big influenza genome study reveals flu evolution

... Nature paper, says the new work illustrates this chain of molecular events. "The study demonstrates that these influenza subpopulations, or variant strains, represent a pool of genetic resources that the influenza virus can draw upon," says Salzberg, a researcher at TIGR and also director of the Universi...

Free-energy theory borne out in large-scale protein folding

...0,000 or more of them. Each of these proteins is a chain of amino acids strung end-to-end like beads in necklace. For longer proteins, the chain can contain hundreds of amino acids. Thanks to modern genomics, scientists can use DNA to decipher ...

Synthetic Protein Eases Arthritis Symptoms in Mice

...tor alpha (TNF-alpha). TNF-alpha starts a chemical chain reaction leading to inflammation by binding to two cell surface receptors, TNFR-1 and TNFR-2. Naturally occurring PLAD helps both forms of TNFR assemble and prepare to receive TNF-alpha. Synthetic PLAD, the scientists hypothesized, would bind to its ...

Novel enzyme offers new look at gene regulation

...hylase identified, called LSD1, could not remove a chain of three methyl groups from a histone, or a trimethyl group. Secondly, common baker's yeast does not have LSD1, although it does have proteins adding methyl groups to histones." Zhang devised a biochemical strategy to isolate proteins that could rem...

Plants, too, have ways to manage freeloaders

... strains. Using a technique called the polymerase chain reaction to identify the bacteria in individual nodules, the researchers found that many plants nodulated both strains that were offered. On average, however, within individual plants, the poorly performing bacteria inhabited small nodules, while the...

Wisconsin scientists discover a master key to microbes' pathogenic lifestyles

...obal regulator that sends signals down a molecular chain of command and governs a series of vital genetic programs," Klein explains. "It leads to changes in the organism's metabolism, cell shape, cell wall composition, and changes in virulence gene expressions." These changes, according to Klein, are real...

Mouse study reveals human X-SCID gene therapy poses substantial cancer risk

... provides instructions for making the common gamma chain protein. This powerful protein, found on the surface of immature blood cells in the bone marrow, works with other proteins to direct the growth and maturation of a number of different immune system cells, including T cells, B cells, and natural kille...

Gene needed for butterfly transformation also key for insects like grasshoppers

...that attaches itself to a specific region of a DNA chain and controls which other genes will be copied. The researchers suspect that broad must be present for the physical changes contained in those areas of DNA to be expressed. Suppressing broad prevents the changes from occurring. "Humans don't have the...

Scientists discover interplay between genes and viruses in tiny ocean plankton

...sizing bacteria form an important part of the food chain in the oceans, supply some of the oxygen we breathe, and play a role in modulating climate. It's important that we understand what regulates their populations. Genetic diversity seems to be an important factor." In one report, Chisholm and scientist...

Evidence for omega 3 fats less conclusive than we thought, say experts

...gularly, say the researchers. Consumption of long chain omega 3 fatty acids, found in oily fish and fish oils, and a shorter chain omega 3, found in some plant oils, is thought to protect against heart disease. UK guidelines encour...

MIT: Oceans are a major gene swap-meet for plankton

...izing bacteria "form an important part of the food chain in the oceans, supply some of the oxygen we breathe, and even play a role in modulating climate. So it's very important that we understand what regulates their populations. And now genetic diversity seems to be an important factor," said Chisholm, wh...

Waking a sleeping virus

...revealed that one copy of ZEBRA plugs a large side chain into a deep pocket in the other. "This is an ideal type of structure to try to target with a drug," Petosa says. "If we can find a molecule to block access to the cavity, the copies wouldn't be able to bind to each other and dock onto DNA." Morand a...

Study in Science holds promise for a new approach to drug therapy

...he shape of the dock in a such a way as to set off chain reactions inside the cell, enabling the cell to respond to the message. Ligands can be nutrients, toxins, hormones, etc. The workhorses of this signaling process are transmembrane receptors like GPCRs. These proteins weave into and out of a human ce...

'Word-vision' brain area confirmed

... evidence that the VWFA plays a causal role in the chain of neural events that underlie normal reading." ...

Earth Rx: A microbial biotechnology prescription for global environmental health

... in the early 1980s, with the advent of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of microbial DNA and a new view of the evolution of organisms based on their ribosomal RNA. These technologies have advanced into high-throughput genomic and proteomic protocols that can detect specific genes and their m...

Protein 'nanosprings' most resilient found in nature

...tein structures, characterized by a single, spiral chain of amino acids stabilized by hydrogen bonds. "We live in a world of forces," Bennett continued. "For example, every time a neuron pushes its way through body tissues to its target, every time a heart beats, or a bicep muscle contracts, forces are ge...

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