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Tag: "cerebral" at biology news

Researchers discover molecule that causes secondary stroke

...ause of a deadly type of secondary stroke known as cerebral vasospasm. A constriction of the blood vessels in the brain, cerebral vasospasm usually occurs three to 10 days following a massive brain bleed known as hemorrhagic strok...

Rats infected as newborns grew up vulnerable to memory problems during an immune challenge

...n has been implicated in schizophrenia, autism and cerebral palsy; bacterial infection is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease. Up to 20 percent of pregnancies have complications involving infections of the uterus and its contents, a number that will rise as more children are born premature. In the study, a...

Deep sleep short-circuits brain's grid of connectivity

...eep seems to occur as the different regions of the cerebral cortex that mediate perception, thought and action...veling along networks of nerve fibers to different cerebral destinations. But when the subject was in deep sleep, the same response was quickly extinguished and...

Frog peptides block HIV in lab study

...eep seems to occur as the different regions of the cerebral cortex that mediate perception, thought and action...veling along networks of nerve fibers to different cerebral destinations. But when the subject was in deep sleep, the same response was quickly extinguished and...

Tetanus toxin found to have therapeutic properties

...abnormal muscular contractions such as strabismus, cerebral palsy, anal contractions and torticollis. Recently these toxins have been used even in cosmetics against wrinkles. For these therapeutic and cosmetic applications, the scientists are working with sublethal doses of toxins. Led by José Aguilera, scie...

Investigating 'brain shrinkage' in alcoholics

...earch. "The outer layer of brain, also called the cerebral cortex or gray matter, controls most complex mental activities," explained Clive Harper, symposium organizer and professor of neuropathology at the University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. "The cortex is filled with nerve cells, also ca...

Methamphetamine Abuse, HIV Infection Cause Changes in Brain Structure

... is associated with prominent volume losses in the cerebral cortex (involved in higher thought, reasoning, and memory), basal ganglia, and hippocampus (involved in memory and learning). The scientists stress that among the recent methamphetamine abusers in the study, the degree of volume increase in the pari...

Number Of Babies Born Prematurely Nears Historic Half Million Mark In U.S.

...ften left with devastating consequences -- such as cerebral palsy, mental retardation, learning problems and blindness." The March of Dimes began its multi-year campaign to address the growing rate of premature birth in 2003. The campaign educates women on the signs and symptoms of premature birth, and suppo...

OHSU researchers discover potential mechanism to repair brain damage linked to Multiple Sclerosis

...ted with premature birth and can lead to a form of cerebral palsy (CP). Our early findings have shown that sca...ge seen in premature infants, some of whom develop cerebral palsy," said Michael Katz, M.D., senior vice president for research and global programs at the March...

Molecular Partners Required For Appropriate Neuronal Gene Repression

...ted with premature birth and can lead to a form of cerebral palsy (CP). Our early findings have shown that sca...ge seen in premature infants, some of whom develop cerebral palsy," said Michael Katz, M.D., senior vice president for research and global programs at the March...

Research Permits First-Ever Visualization of Psychological Stress in the Human Brain

... by the stress task. The results showed increased cerebral blood-flow during the "stress test" in the right a... and depression. More interestingly, the increased cerebral blood-flow persisted even when the testing was complete. These results suggest a strong link between...

Researchers identify molecular anchor that allows bacterial invasion of central nervous system

...en may die or suffer permanent cognitive deficits, cerebral palsy, blindness, deafness or seizures. Therefore, an early acting treatment would help reduce the high rates of disability and death. "Previous studies have found that Streptococcus bacteria from infants with serious disease have significantly high...

Bigger brain size matters for intellectual ability

...the contribution of nature and nurture are to this cerebral size relationship with intelligence, Witelson said. She added that the results point to the need for responsibility in considering the likely future use of magnetic imaging (or MRIs) of brain structure as a measure of ability in student and workforce...

Blocking the nerve receptor EP1 in mouse models reduces brain damage caused by stroke

...k by others had shown that certain events, such as cerebral ischemia (stroke) and seizures, that interrupt oxygen flow to the brain also cause excessive activation of so-called NMDA receptors by the nerve chemical glutamate. Other work had suggested that activation of NMDA receptors by glutamate causes an inc...

Neurons generated in the adult brain learn to respond to novel stimuli

... form some of the much more complex neurons in the cerebral cortex, the brain's highest-level structure. The current study was designed to investigate whether newly generated olfactory neurons simply replace older neurons or play a distinct role in learning and memory. The investigators used two groups of m...

Meditation associated with structural changes in brain

...H) researchers showed that particular areas of the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain, were thicker in participants who were experienced practitioners of a type of meditation commonly practiced in the U.S. and other Western countries. The article appears in the Nov. 15 issue of NeuroReport, and th...

MIT researcher presents new view of how the cortex forms

...rtex" theories of brain development are dead. The cerebral cortex is a sheet of around 10 billion neurons divided into distinctly separate areas that process particular aspects of sensation, movement and cognition. To what extent are these areas predetermined by genes or shaped by the environment? The protom...

What can change in the brain? Electrical synapses, research shows

...esponsible for relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex, where it is transformed into memories and emotions, speech and movement. The thalamic reticular nucleus' role as a sort of switch, starting or stopping the flow of sensory stimuli to the cortex, may implicate it as a major player in the regu...

Neurons find their place in the developing nervous system with the help of a sticky molecule

... for development of part of the brain known as the cerebral cortex. The cortex sits like a skullcap over the rest of the brain and is responsible for sensory perception, higher-level reasoning, and, in humans, language. In mammals, the largest and evolutionarily newest part of the cortex, the neocortex, is re...

Why nerve cells work faster than the theory allows

...e analyzed, by which rules, the nerve cells in the cerebral cortex decide to send out impulses. They surprisi...reshold of action potentials in nerve cells of the cerebral cortex of the mammal brain. They were able to show that action potentials are initiated extremely ra...

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