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Tag: "cells" at biology news

Controlling protein diversity

...l. "A major question in biology today is how human cells with 30,000 genes produce at least 120,000 proteins," said Dr. Bert O'Malley, chair of the BCM department of molecular and cellular biology. The answer is a process called alternative splicing in which certain information from a gene is left out or i...

Polymers with copper show promise for implanted sensors

... implanted under the skin may become walled off by cells that flock to the site as part of the inflammatory...ls," said Meyerhoff. "Your endothelial cells---the cells that line all of your blood vessels---generate nitric oxide. The nitric oxide produced in this layer...

Discovery Promises Simpler Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease

...r research suggests that an inability of red blood cells to relax blood vessels through the release of nitr...Thus, therapies that restore nitric oxide to blood cells might serve as a useful method for treating the disease, said HHMI researcher Jonathan Stamler, M.D....

Molecule that usually protects infection-fighting cells may cause plaque deposits inside arteries

...hat usually protects the body's infection-fighting cells might also contribute to fatty buildups that coat ... which cause a secondary effect, encouraging other cells to accumulate and worsen plaque buildup in arteries. "The oxidized lipids are cleared out by macrop...

Stem Cell Research Shows Potential for Replacing Tissue Damaged in Heart Attacks

...obiology and anatomy has found that embryonic stem cells (ES cells) in animals can be cultivated to form ne... a result of a heart attack. The potential for ES cells to replace damaged or diseased cells in adult tissues has caused extraordinary interest in their the...

Iron exporter revealed that may explain common human disorder

...t of hemoglobin, the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's t...it into the bloodstream where developing red blood cells incorporate the iron into hemoglobin. When red blood cells die, macrophage cells consume them and re...

Insight into natural cholesterol control suggests novel cholesterol-lowering therapy

...has provided insight into a key mechanism by which cells limit cholesterol synthesis. The finding suggests ...hor of the study. Scientists have long known that cells respond to a high cholesterol diet by shutting down its internal synthesis, he explained. However, t...

50-year-old Mystery Solved: Protein Tags Regulate Key Ion Channel

...nswers a question dating back to the 1950s: How do cells control the background movement of potassium ions ...w of potassium ions determines whether "excitable" cells in the brain, heart and skeletal muscles "fire," sending out nervous impulses that become thoughts, ...

Stem cells from brain transformed to produce insulin at Stanford

With careful coaxing, stem cells from the brain can form insulin-producing cells that mimic those missing in people with diabetes, according to a paper published in the April 26 iss...

New component of the 'brakes' on nerve regeneration found

...al obstacles to regenerating spinal cord and brain cells after injury is the "braking" machinery in neurons... that TNF receptors are expressed in many types of cells in the CNS and are intimately involved in inflammatory responses that also play a role--perhaps harm...

Scientists discover how plants disarm the toxic effects of excessive sunlight

A newly discovered pathway by which cells protect themselves from a toxic byproduct of photo...gical molecules. "We've discovered a pathway that cells use to turn on certain genes and respond to singlet oxygen," says Timothy Donohue, a professor of ba...

Key mechanism in genetic inheritance during cell division identified

...of genetic material from a parent cell to daughter cells appears to have been identified by a team of Berke...otubules, hollow fibers in the walls of biological cells that are responsible for the faithful segregation of chromosomes during cell division. "In test tub...

Single stem cells from bone heal a broken heart

...ecognized subset of human bone marrow–derived stem cells with therapeutic potency for myocardial tissue reg...cal Investigation the authors isolated these human cells at the single cell level and were able to differentiate them into all different cell types. When sin...

Multi-purpose protein regulates new protein synthesis and immune cell development

...ling protein called IRE1, which helps stressed-out cells make new proteins, may be more versatile and impor...ng protein is required for the formation of immune cells called B lymphocytes. "This is a unique signaling pathway," says Randal Kaufman, Ph.D., a professor...

Gene therapy promising for growing tooth-supporting bone

...ed off, harnesses the virus' ability to enter into cells and use their genetic machinery. Once inside the ...MP-7 genes get where they need to be in the host's cells to boost bone production. Gene expression producing BMP-7 proteins peaked after a week. Giannobile s...

Heart repair gets new muscle

... clear-cut. It has long been thought that cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes) lack the capacity for self-renewa...evidence suggests that the heart might harbor stem cells after all and that such cells can be transformed into cardiomyocytes. In a new study published in t...

Computational Method Speeds Mapping of Cell Signaling Networks

...ernal information gets transmitted from outside of cells to the control centers inside them that trigger pa... April 22 issue of Science. To function properly, cells must be able to detect changes in the environment and respond accordingly--usually by altering their...

New insight into regulation of blood stem cells

... toward understanding the regulation of blood stem cells and the complex, lifelong process of blood cell formation. A research study published in the February issue of Developmental Cell expands on previous studies by using adult animals to examine the role of a key gene known to be required for blood cell...

Researchers rein in regulatory RNAs

...rt, and testis, as well as in mouse embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts. While some SATs were expressed at a consistent level in all cells and tissues tested, others exhibited marked tissue-specific expression patterns. Upon close examina...

UCSD-Salk Team Show Protein’s Gene-Silencing Role In Development of Nervous System

...atases are required for maintenance of neural stem cells and for silencing expression of neuronal genes in ... are shut off in the nervous system, neuronal stem cells can develop into specialized neurons. The researchers determined that SCPs are a component of a pre...

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