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Tag: "cell" at biology news

Scientists discover new, readily available source of stem cells

...nta and amniotic fluid contain multiple progenitor cell types from the developing embryo, including fat, b...question, 'Is there a possibility that within this cell population we can capture true stem cells?' The answer is yes." Atala and colleagues discovered a...

Technology reveals 'lock and key' proteins behind diseases

...ry of certain substances, like nutrients, into the cell and promote the export of other substances, like t...teins interact in iMYTH, they will stain the yeast cell blue. "Like lock and key, if two proteins interact with one another, it is safe to assume they parti...

Molecular differences between early and advanced melanomas could provide new drug targets

...t nourish cancerous tumors and lead to unregulated cell growth. When melanoma cells overexpressing Akt were introduced into immunocompromised (nude) mice, the mice developed aggressive tumors that expressed high levels of VEGF, whereas a control group of mice developed no tumors. Another result of Ak...

New mechanism for nutrient uptake discovered

...ney function, to engineering better crops. "Every cell in every organism has a system for bringing in nut...ransporter AtAMT1;1, located at the surface of the cell membrane, acts as a switch. "The terminus is an arm-like feature that physically grabs a neighbor...

Microbes start immune response by sneaking inside cells

...udy, the presence of bacterial microbes inside the cell is what triggers the immune response. That creates...were able to enter the cells through a pore in the cell membrane, and stimulate the cryopyrin-initiated immune response without activating TLRs. The researc...

Scientists discover how body fights to control spread of cancer

...chool of Clinical Sciences, explains: "MUC1 on the cell surface prevents the cancer cells from attaching t...otective shield, forcing large areas of the cancer cell to become exposed. The exposed areas of the cell allow the cancer to attach to the blood vessel wall...

Shedding new light on proteorhodopsin

... At the highest azide concentrations, the average cell velocity increased 70-percent upon green light illumination. In the control study, normal E. coli cells, which do not not express proteorhodopsin, had no response to the green light. The next step in this work, Liphardt said, is to optimize the amo...

Early-stage sperm cells created from human bone marrow

...m cells, which are an early phase of the male germ cell development. In most men, spermatagonial cells ev...estes and were observed to undergo early meiosis - cell division - the next stage to them becoming mature sperm cells, although they did not develop further...

Antibody therapy prevents type 1 diabetes in mice

... known as CD137 on the surface of a type of immune cell called T-cells. Treating NOD mice with the anti-CD137 antibodies significantly suppressed the development of diabetes, whereas most of the control mice developed diabetes by the time they were six months old. Interestingly, the antibody therapy d...

Scientists clone mice from adult skin stem cells

...g oocyte and have traditionally been the preferred cell type for nuclear transfer. The stem cells gave the...could directly compare adult stem cells with other cell types. Nuclear transfer can also be used to make embryonic stem cell lines, a process which can ...

Why doesn't the immune system attack the small intestine?

... agents by small proteins, called antigens, on the cell surface. In parts of the body, such as the pancreas, that are sheltered from the outside environment, cells known as dendritic cells display the antigens of their normal neighbors in a way that puts the immune system "at ease." By reading those anti...

Indicators for risk of heart disease are higher in passive smokers

...tein, another inflammatory marker, and white blood cell count in participants with elevated cotinine levels. They found no significant association. The effect levels seen for fibrinogen and homocysteine were about twice as high when measuring cotinine levels compared to previous studies based on self-r...

Novel antigen-cloning technique may boost efforts to develop a melanoma vaccine

.... Though helper T cells contain receptors on their cell surfaces that are capable of recognizing and bindi...development work to activate a type of white blood cell called cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, or CTL," says Herlyn. "Though CTL have the ability to destroy cancer...

Yale biologists 'trick' viruses into extinction

...zes the T-cells it infects by CD4 molecules on the cell surface, but it then requires functions of the cell nucleus to reproduce. Current anti-HIV therapies are designed to maintain high T-cell counts in the ...

Keeping the body in sync -- The stability of cellular clocks

...e clock genes. The oscillators work like this: the cell receives a signal from the master pacemaker in the...on gradients that change in a periodic manner. The cell “interprets?these gradients and unleashes tissue-specific circadian responses. Some examples of outp...

Scientists use nanoparticle to discover disease-causing proteins

...ethods must be done on minute dead blood or tissue cell samples in a laboratory dish, said Andy Tao, a Pur...team used dendrimers because they can pass through cell walls efficiently with little disturbance to the cells and then label specific proteins with isotopi...

Researchers discover gene crucial for nerve cell insulation

...ening. The myelin sheath that surrounds a nerve cell is analogous to the insulating material that coats an electrical cord or wire, keeping nerve impulses from dissipating, allowing them to travel farther and faster along the length of the nerve cell. The researchers discovered how a defect in just ...

Wheat can fatally starve insect predators

...essor. "Usually we expect the plant to fortify its cell walls or make poisons to use against insects and pathogens." Instead, the researchers found that a specific protein, called HFR-3, one of a group of substances called lectins, is capable of binding with a carbohydrate complex in the Hessian fly la...

UW launches study testing adult stem cells for heart damage repair

... This trial is the first human Phase II adult stem cell therapy study in the U.S. Its goal is to investiga...into the bloodstream. Then, investigators use a cell separation system to remove from the subject's bloodstream a mix of cells containing the stem cells....

Scientists find new genes for Crohn's disease

... a gene known as IL23R, which codes for the immune cell receptor for interleukin-23, an important biochemical mediator of inflammation in the body. However, mutations in these two genes alone cannot account for the entire genetic component of the disease. To identify additional genes that are associate...

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