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Tag: "cell" at biology news

Researchers shed light on shrinking of chromosomes

A human cell contains an enormous 1.8 metres of DNA partitioned...nsation, the shortening of chromosomes, allows the cell to handle such huge amounts of genetic material during cell division and helps preventing fatal defe...

U-M researchers discover gene switched off in cancer can be turned on

...erstand why BRM is not expressed in certain cancer cell lines. They found no mutations to the gene but rat...sman says. The researchers targeted lung cancer cell lines in particular, although they found similar results in a variety of other cancer cell lines tes...

Migration alert -- How tumor cells home in on the lymphatic system

...this molecule towards the lymphatic, and the tumor cell follows it, like the proverbial carrot on a stick. Near the vessel, concentrations of the signaling molecule are reinforced by the lymphatic’s own secretions, fine tuning the tumor cells’ migration and guaranteeing that they will home in on the lymph...

Newly discovered antibody may be body's natural defense against Alzheimer's

...sible for Alzheimer's-linked memory loss and brain cell death. This has led many scientists to speculate that oligomers may be the main culprit in Alzheimer's and therefore a prime target for a new generation of disease-modifying treatments. To further confirm that these natural antibodies bind with o...

Researchers shed light on mechanism of action used by anti-cancer drug

...search and co-leader of the cancer center’s cancer cell biology program, VCU researchers identified a mech... approved for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer, the most common form of kidney cancer in adults. It was originally developed as an inhibitor...

Physicist cracks women's random but always lucky choice of X chromosome

...rious genetic diseases. Both X chromosomes in a cell have a suicide gene called XIST which, if activated, seals the chromosome behind a barrier of RNA preventing the activation of any other gene. Researchers believe that this suicide gene can be itself blocked by a plug of proteins forming on top of it...

Penn researchers link cell's protein recycling systems

...el. The study appears this week in Nature. The cell has two internal pathways for breaking down protei...ch proteins are surrounded by membranes inside the cell for bulk digestion. “The dogma has been that the autophagy-lysosomal and the proteasomal systems ...

Bacteria ferry nanoparticles into cells for early diagnosis, treatment

...r a valuable cargo of "smart nanoparticles" into a cell to precisely position sensors, drugs or DNA for th...he cargo-carrying bacteria attach to the recipient cell they are engulfed by its outer membrane, forming "vesicles," or tiny spheres that are drawn into the...

Herpes virus hijacks DNA repair process

...ouis identified a protein that can trick the mouse cell into turning on the DNA damage response. They also showed that Epstein-Barr virus, a human herpes virus, has a similar protein. Scientists found that blocking murine herpes virus from activating the DNA damage response caused viral replication rates ...

Exploring the dark matter of the genome

...Life Sciences Division and an adjunct professor of cell and molecular biology at the University of Califor... role in controlling chromosome duplication during cell division. Telomeres are a chromosome's end-caps; they help prevent the accumulation of genomic damag...

Cancer stem cells similar to normal stem cells can thwart anti-cancer agents

... Pittsburgh Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, used cell surface markers and dyes to identify cancer stem cells as well as normal adult stem cells and their progeny in samples obtained from normal lung and lung cancer tissue samples. The researchers identified a very small, rare set of resting cancer stem ...

Staphylococcus aureus hides out in cells

...S. aureus then benefits from natural or programmed cell death to re-emerge and trigger another episode of infection, leading to chronicity.”...

Potent possibilities for parasite attack

...hat may be involved in producing components of the cell membrane. CFAS is present in the genomes of L. bra...enes that determine the properties of the parasite cell surface have grown in number and some declined among the three species: 'death' of genes seems to be...

Mutating the entire genome

...ds designated A, C, G and T. DNA in each human cell has about 3 billion base pairs, arranged into 23 p...utes of Health effort to mutate all mouse genes in cell culture and create 900 new lines of mutant mice by 2010 – an effort NIH says “will be extremely usef...

Clot-dissolving agent may be beneficial in treatment of severe frostbite

...otting that blocks small blood vessels, leading to cell death. Because tPA reverses this clotting, blood flow is restored before permanent damage is done. “Based on the dramatic improvements in perfusion [blood flow] and reduction in rates of amputations when tPA was administered within 24 hours of fro...

Endosome-mediated signaling in plants

...activation of receptors and the down-regulation of cell signaling. Work in animal cells over the past several years has shown that receptor endocytosis can actually facilitate signaling through the cell, by bringing signaling components in contact with their activated receptors. Drs. Geldner, Chory and...

Researchers identify protein pathway involved in Parkinson disease development

... protects cells from oxidative stress and promotes cell survival by regulating function of the protein TRAP1. When PINK1 is mutated, however, the protective TRAP1 pathway is disrupted, leading to mitochondrial damage. Other scientists recently have linked early onset Parkinson disease to mutations in ...

Surprising origin of cell's internal highways

...ules, part of the microscopic scaffolding that the cell uses to move things around in order to hold its sh...point to a novel cellular mechanism that may guide cell movement and possibly cancer cell invasion. Microtubules are the largest of the three main types...

Researchers develop buckyballs to fight allergy

...balls are able to block allergic response in human cell culture experiments. Buckyballs, or fullerenes...mune response by inhibiting a basic process in the cell that leads to the release of an allergic mediator. Essentially, the buckyballs are able to prevent m...

Study identifies 5 genetic themes key to keeping stem cells in a primitive, flexible state

...mselves, as well as multiple different specialized cell types. But as genetic techniques have become incre... considered to be the master regulator of the stem cell state. A comprehensive molecular definition of stem cells is emerging: according to this research, s...

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