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Tag: "cell" at biology news

St. Jude study solves mystery of mammalian ears

...ars to have been settled more in favor of bouncing cell bodies rather than vibrating, hair-like cilia, acc...le thrown into a pond. This energy causes the hair cell cilia in both mammals and non-mammals to swing back and forth quickly in a steady rhythm. In mamma...

Carnegie Mellon scientists find key HIV protein makes cell membranes bend more easily

..., it dramatically lowers the energy required for a cell membrane to bend, making it easier for the virus t...e, a necessary step for HIV to fuse with an immune cell as it infects it.” The Carnegie Mellon scientists used X-rays to study how HIV fusion peptide (part...

Nicotine rush hinges on sugar in neurons

When nicotine binds to a neuron, how does the cell know to send the signal that announces a smoker’s ...le for sugar as the hinge that opens a gate in the cell membrane and brings news of nicotine’s arrival. Structural biologist Raymond Stevens of The Scripp...

Cellular message movement captured on video

...e time-lapse images of a bovine aortic endothelial cell reveal the motion toward the cell's nucleus of a m...f communication and transportation activity on the cell surface toward the nucleus. Paxillin was labeled with a red fluorescence marker to make it stand out...

Researchers discover inherited mutation for leukemia

...y provide new insights into the process of natural cell death. They may even lead to new strategies for tr...al DNA methylation can turn off genes that control cell growth, and that lead to tumor growth. "Our findings identify for the first time a gene that app...

Enzyme delivered in smaller package protects cells from radiation damage

...ty, they irradiated those cells as well as another cell line transfected with MnSOD in a full-sized plasmid. They also irradiated a parent mouse cell line that had not been transfected with MnSOD. After irradiation, the cells were plated in a growth ...

Cells re-energize to come back from the brink of death

...actors, including gene mutations that can make the cell become cancerous. During apoptosis, the membrane c... structures that act as power plants to supply the cell with energy, but also hold the keys to the cells’ life and death. The process by which the mem...

Brain inflammation may be friend, not foe, for Alzheimer's patients

... of brain cells called microglia, the major immune cell that rushes to injury sites and helps repair and clean up wounds in the brain. The work is the latest in a growing body of research that is trying to determine the exact role of inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease. O’Banion notes that some studies...

Pregnant mom's exposure to flu vaccine kick-starts fetal immune system

...ty used this technique to study cord blood B and T cell immune responses following maternal vaccination ag... data reported in the study establish that B and T cell responses to antigens occur in utero following maternal vaccination against influenza, supporting th...

Gene therapy delivery of nerve growth factors reverses erectile dysfunction in animal model

...researchers inserted either the gene for the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or the GDN...D. "Because the herpes virus persists in the nerve cell for as long as it is alive and nerve cells typically do not reproduce, this represents the first-eve...

Researchers track how spores break out of dormant state

...scopy (AFM) the alterations of spore coat and germ cell wall that accompany the transformation from a spor...damental insights into the key events in bacterial cell development.” The researchers, including Marco Plomp, lead author at LLNL, and those from Childre...

Simulations unravel outer membrane transport mechanism

...volved in the active transport of materials across cell membranes. Their study, which includes a collabor...n, the luminal domain, clogs this barrel until the cell is ready to allow large molecules to pass through. Crystallographic studies had shown that TonB b...

How sneaky HIV escapes cells

...re-existing transport system to leave one infected cell and infect new ones, Hopkins scientists have disco... all that’s needed for a protein to get out of the cell in exosomes are the ability to clump together and attach to the cell’s membrane,” Gould says. In...

Largest synthetic gene ever built offers insights into anti-malarial drug resistance

...ood cells and accompanying fever. During red blood cell infection, P. falciparum degrades the hemoglobin i...hemorrhages or anemia that are consequences of red cell infection. Natural products such as quinine, extracted from the cinchona tree, and leaves from t...

Loss of stem cells correlates with premature aging in animal study

...elopment leads to premature aging and loss of stem cell reservoirs in adult mice. This gene, ATR, is essen...ese stem cells don’t divide as frequently as other cell types since they need to maintain the integrity of their DNA, and multiple divisions lead to natural...

Study shows big power of small RNAs, not just proteins, in halting cancer

...R-34. The fact that p53 uses miRNAs to stop tumor cell growth reveals a completely new dimension of this critical cancer fighting pathway and its ability to trigger the genetic death of cancer cells. “Our findings certainly lead to a deeper understanding of a critical tumor suppression mechanism but al...

In mice, drug protects against diabetes and atherosclerosis

... The report describes tests of the inhibitor on cell systems in culture and in live mice. In one experiment, mice genetically engineered to be highly susceptible to atherosclerosis were fed high-fat diets and assigned to receive the drug or an inert substance. One set of mice was put on a high-fat "wes...

Newly found sensing system enables certain bacteria to resist human immune defenses

...imary difference being the nature of the bacterial cell wall. Little is known about how gram-positive bacteria—such as those that can lead to food poisoning, skin disorders and toxic shock—avoid being killed by AMPs. AMPs are made by virtually all groups of organisms, including amphibians, insects, severa...

Research shows cord blood comparable to matched bone marrow

...d banks that meet certain standards in relation to cell dose (or volume of the transplanted cells) and Hum...ed that in addition to having a good match, higher cell doses for umbilical cord blood transplants improved survival rates. The study was done by extens...

Rising skin cancer rates are more likely to affect wealthy people, says 12-year review

...ed that the three most common skin cancers - basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma - accounted for 27 per cent of all male cancers and 26 per cent of ...

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