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Tag: "carry" at biology news

Giant insects might reign if only there was more oxygen in the air

...ion allowed insects to grow much bigger. Tubes carry oxygen First, a bit of background: Insects don't breathe like we do and don't use blood to transport oxygen. They take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide through holes in their bodies called spiracles. These holes connect to branching and interco...

Some butterflies travel farther, reproduce faster

...t capability varies quite a lot among females, who carry the eggs and establish new populations. For those reasons, natural selection on flight and reproductive capability acts primarily on the females. Travelers reproduce more quickly This study examined whether there is a difference in physiology b...

Molecular 'signature' protects cells from viruses

...show that the instructions from the cell's nucleus carry a kind of 'signature', which is missing in the virus commands. RNA is like a long string. In viruses there is a specific chemical signal, known as a triphosphate, located at one end of this string. The RNA in the cell's nucleus basically also contain...

Biologists probe the machinery of cellular protein factories

...that fold into complex three-dimensional shapes to carry out their functions. They are made from amino acid building blocks, and the sequence of amino acids determines the protein's structure. Amino acids are carried to the ribosome by transfer RNA molecules. On the ribosome, the transfer RNAs recognize sp...

Engineer ramps up protein production, develops versatile viral spheres

...ino acids allow the capsids to either stick to and carry specific proteins orstick to other capsids, allowing their assembly en masse. The tiny spheres could therefore transport targeted vaccines or medicines around the bloodstream or could be linked together in different configurations to make novel mater...

Research holds promise for herpes vaccine

...ly identical." An estimated 55 million Americans carry herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), which causes genital herpes. Infection is life-long. Approximately 5 percent of those with genital herpes ?2 million to 3 million Americans ?suffer outbreaks one to four times annually. A vaccine offering life-lo...

Nanotech tools yield DNA transcription breakthrough

...first step in the process cells employ to read and carry out the out instructions contained in genes. Transcription is carried out by a molecular machine known as RNA polymerase, which synthesizes an RNA copy of the information in DNA. Two papers by Ebright and collaborators in the Nov. 17 issue of the...

Human stem cells delay start of Lou Gehrig's disease in rats

...m used so-called SOD-1 rats, animals engineered to carry a mutated human gene for an inherited form of ALS. As in human ALS, the rats experience slow nerve cell death where all the muscles in the body eventually become paralyzed. The particular SOD-1 rats in the study developed an "especially aggressive" ...

Researchers image molecular motor structural changes

...olecular motors of chemical neurotransmitters that carry messages between nerve cells. Down syndrome, in which chromosomes do not divide properly in egg cells, also is thought to be caused by defects in kinesins. Finding methods to stimulate kinesin activity might help in the treatment of these human dise...

Researchers create genetically matched embryonic stem cells for transplantation

...embryonic stem cells are made from eggs only, they carry no paternally imprinted genes, and instead carry two copies of maternally imprinted genes. Altered expression of imprinted genes has been linked with...

MIT designs portable 'lab on a chip'

...rtable blood analysis device, which soldiers could carry onto the battlefield. If exposure to chemical or biological weapons were suspected, the device could automatically and rapidly test a miniscule blood sample, rather than sending a large sample to a lab and waiting for the results. The chips are so sm...

PNAS study reveals why organs fail following massive trauma

...rmation they store is converted into proteins that carry out bodily functions. Post-traumatic genetic changes had two major effects on T cells: a marked increase in regulatory protein pathways that diminished their function, and a decrease in signals that turn them on, researchers said. Whether T cells c...

Therapeutic role found for carbon monoxide

...chool. Pulmonary arteries ?the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart's right ventricle to the small arteries in the lungs -- are made up primarily of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. PAH develops when, for unknown reasons, the smooth muscle cells rapidly and uncontrollably proliferate, l...

Embryonic selection of sex avoids conceiving blind children

... first time in the Basque Country, to successfully carry out an embryonic sex selection in a woman who is a carrier of the disease Retinosis Pigmentaria, linked with the X chromosome ?in order to avoid giving birth to a male child. Retinosis Pigmentaria is a hereditary illness of the eyes of a degenerativ...

Age-related changes in DNA repair illuminate the connection between age and genetic damage

...s may use the safer repair methods, but they still carry the genetic damage incurred during DNA repair in the fly's "reckless" youth. ...

Computer-based 'games' enhance mental function in patients with Alzheimer's

...internet-based system (IMIS) which allowed them to carry out a variety of different cognitive stimulation tasks at varying levels of difficulty throughout the day. IMIS sessions (20 minutes each) were held three times a week for 24 weeks. At baseline and after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment, participants ...

Researchers use multiphoton microscopy to watch chromosomes in action

...nes, and by using fruit flies specifically bred to carry fluorescent proteins on HSF, they could watch the transcription factors in action. "This is the first time ever that anyone has been able to see in detail, at native genes in vivo , how a transcription factor is turned on, and how it then is activ...

For super-obese patients, duodenal switch beats gastric bypass

...dex (BMI) of at least 50. These patients typically carry at least 150 pounds more than their ideal weight. In this study, patients undergoing duodenal switch were significantly more likely to achieve and maintain successful weight loss--defined as losing more than half of their excess weight--at one yea...

St. Jude finds clues to hearing loss from chemotherapy

...by identifying 17 families of mice whose offspring carry one or more of a variety of mutations that cause them to lose the ability to hear high-frequency sounds, according to Jian Zuo, Ph.D., associate member of the St. Jude Department of Developmental Neurobiology. Zuo is senior author of a report on this...

Most widely used organic pesticide requires help to kill

...n team used a strain of live E. coli engineered to carry the Bt toxin to infect caterpillars, a lethal treatment whether or not the insect gut contained its normal complement of microbes. However, if the engineered E. coli was killed before administration, it only killed those caterpillars whose microbial ...

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