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Tag: "broken" at biology news

New technique boosts size of proteins that can be analyzed

... "bottom-up" approach, in which proteins are first broken down, or digested, enzymatically into smaller units of five to 20 amino acids. These pieces are then introduced into the mass spectrometer where researchers can match masses of those pieces to known sequences and identify the proteins. However, thi...

Smashing the time it takes to repair our bones

...n speed up the time it takes to heal fractured and broken bones. QUT recent graduate Dr Gwynne Hannay has b...rred naturally in the body to repair fractured and broken bones. "This device is about trying to grow bone tissue in the same environment our body grows bo...

Nobel Laureate finds 'elegant' explanation for DNA transcribing enzyme's high fidelity

..., the chemical constituent that must have its bond broken in order for the NTP to join the RNA chain through the formation of a phosphodiester bond, Kornberg said. The finding suggested the side chain acts as a trigger for bond formation. The whole decision-making process occurs extremely rapidly, he adde...

Dopamine used to prompt nerve tissue to regrow

...urotransmitters into the material used to repair a broken circuit. The neurotransmitters could coax the neurons in the damaged nerves to regrow and reconnect with their target organ. Strange though his idea might have seemed to others in his field, Wang, an assistant professor in the Wallace H. Coulter D...

How fish mend a broken heart

...ence to explain how a common tropical fish mends a broken heart may suggest methods for coaxing the damaged hearts of mammals to better heal, researchers report in the November 3, 2006 issue of Cell, published by Cell Press. The researchers found that the hearts of zebrafish harbor progenitor cells that sp...

Genes and genius: Researchers confirm association between gene and intelligence

...ht be pictures of a child holding a vase, the vase broken to bits on the floor and the child crying. The person taking the test would have to put those pictures into an order that tells the story of how the child dropped the vase and broke it and then cried." The researchers studied DNA gathered as part ...

How fish conquered the ocean

...aralogues) allowed its yolk protein products to be broken down to free amino acids and thus drive hydration of the maturing eggs. The timing of these events matches the appearance of the vast numbers of marine acanthomorph teleosts in the fossil record. The authors propose that the neo-functionalization of ...

Meeting the ethanol challenge: Scientists use supercomputer to target cellulose bottleneck

...omly across the cellulose surface, searching for a broken cellulose chain. When it encounters an available c... of the enzyme complex so that it can straddle the broken end of the cellulose chain. This gives the enzyme a crucial foothold to begin the process of digesti...

Natural polyester makes new sutures stronger, safer

... that produces polyesters. Those polyesters can be broken down into metabolites naturally produced by humans, so they cause no harm when absorbed. Once the genes were identified, they could be transferred into a strain of industrial E. coli that can produce large quantities of the strong, flexible polyme...

Stanford scientists make major breakthrough in regenerative medicine

...or of the study. Missing limbs, scarred hearts, broken spines, and wounded muscles always try to repair themselves, but often the result is invalidism or disease. Even some tumors try to revert to normal, but are unsuccessful. If the genetic sequence described in the sea squirt applies to humans, this s...

FSU researchers determine a critical factor in workings of proteins

...ecoming a specific complex. The rate prediction is broken into two parts: how much the rate would be if the proteins find each other purely through random motion, and how much electrical attraction increases the rate. "This theory opens numerous opportunities for further study," Zhou said. "For example, ...

DNA ends: Common tool, different job

...al ends of chromosomes could potentially look like broken strands of DNA that a cell's repair machinery is designed to fix. This has been a long-standing puzzle, because mending chromosome ends as though they were double-strand breaks would result in either unregulated degradation or end-to-end fusions. Suc...

Vasectomy may put men at risk for type of dementia

...er a vasectomy, however, the protective barrier is broken and semen mixes into the blood. The immune system recognizes the sperm as invading foreign agents and produces anti-sperm antibodies in 60 to 70 percent of men. Weintraub said these antibodies might cross the blood-brain-barrier and cause damage r...

Scientists discover how body fights to control spread of cancer

... have now discovered how this protective shield is broken down, allowing cancer to spread throughout the body. Dr Lu-Gang Yu, from the University's School of Clinical Sciences, explains: "MUC1 on the cell surface prevents the cancer cells from attaching to the blood vessel wall which causes secondary tumo...

Glucose triggers brain cell death in rats after hypoglycemic coma

...m the bloodstream to individual cells, where it is broken down and used for energy. Diabetics do not produce enough of their own insulin and must take it several times a day. A severe insulin overdose can reduce levels of glucose in the blood to extremely low levels –?a condition known as hypoglycemia –?...

Study offers clues to 'Broken Heart Syndrome'

...with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, informally known as broken heart syndrome because it is often preceded by an ...oronary angiography. The most common symptom of broken heart syndrome was chest pain, in 70 percent of patients, followed by shortness of breath in 33 perc...

DNA repair proteins monitored at double-strand break

...bled on a double-strand break to link together the broken ends. Double-strand breaks are ruptures that cut completely across the twisted, ladder-like structure of DNA, breaking it into two pieces. Using a technique developed specifically for this project, the St. Jude researchers could determine when repa...

Ice Age extinction claimed highly carnivorous Alaskan wolves

...ern wolves. They also showed a higher incidence of broken teeth than living wolves. “Taken together, these features suggest a wolf specialized for killing and consuming relatively large prey, and also possibly habitual scavenging,” Leonard said. Chemical analyses of the bones back up this conclusion....

Plastic that grows on trees

...ost abundant sugar, to HFM, a chemical that can be broken into components for products now made from petroleum. It has been an elusive goal for the legion of chemists trying to pull it off: Replace crude oil as the root source for plastic, fuels and scores of other industrial and household chemicals with i...

Researchers shed light on shrinking of chromosomes

... we know very well; two daughter cells with either broken chromosomes or different numbers of chromosomes result and severe diseases including cancer can arise. But so far we know only little about condensation, a process crucial to the successful separation of chromosomes. Using powerful microscopes, resea...

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