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Tag: "breaks" at biology news

Stressed cells spark DNA repair missteps and speed evolution

... It all begins with the way that the cell repairs breaks in the double strands of DNA that are its genetic ...cause it reduces the risk to the whole colony. DNA breaks occur only rarely in each individual cell. If the mutations are restricted in time and space, it red...

Once given 'no respect,' cells' tiny RNAS take driver's seat

...acteristic of messenger RNA. As a result, the cell breaks the RNA into pieces. All sections except the microRNAs, just 21 to 23 building blocks long, is discarded. The microRNAs can bind to single-strand messenger RNAs of the right sequence, which at the very least interferes with their ability to be read ...

Why do aneurysms form? New studies suggest leading role for white blood cells

...small part of the rodent aortas to a chemical that breaks down blood vessel tissue, then studied what happened in the rodents that had altered neutrophil systems and in comparison rodents that were normal. In both cases, says senior author and U-M vascular surgeon Gilbert Upchurch, M.D., the rodents that h...

Frog peptides block HIV in lab study

...nsciousness fades, according to Tononi, "the brain breaks down into little islands that can't talk to one another." The new findings are important because they provide the first direct clues about how the brain alters the state of consciousness during sleep. Consciousness is a scientifically murky realm as...

Deep sleep short-circuits brain's grid of connectivity

...nsciousness fades, according to Tononi, "the brain breaks down into little islands that can't talk to one another." The new findings are important because they provide the first direct clues about how the brain alters the state of consciousness during sleep. Consciousness is a scientifically murky realm as...

Multi-species genome comparison sheds new light on evolutionary processes, cancer mutations

...cell. When cells divide, a chromosome occasionally breaks and the fragment can get stuck onto another chromo...thal or cause disease. However, in some cases, the breaks may lead to the production of new or altered proteins with potential to benefit an organism. In addi...

Scalpel-free surgery could reduce risk of HIV and hepatitis exposure for health care workers

...87 percent of surgeons will receive an injury that breaks the skin -- thus allowing for possible disease transmission - at some point in their career. There are an estimated 40,000 new cases of HIV each year, and hepatitis C is increasing at an even faster rate, according to the report. The study concludes ...

Genetic links could unlock clues to leading cause of blindness

...ght-detecting part of the retina called the macula breaks down. Seven million more Americans have an intermediate form of the disease, and millions more are expected to develop it within the next 15 years. The disease causes nodule-like specks to build up in the eye, chipping away central vision over time....

Researchers extend mouse lifespan by protecting against free radicals

... them produce more human catalase, the enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide. They targeted delivery of the catalase to different areas of the cell: the cytoplasm, where catalase normally goes to decompose hydrogen peroxide; the nucleus, the DNA-containing "control center" for the cell; and the mitochon...

New method shows it is possible to grow bone for grafts within a patient's body

...used by orthopedic surgeons to repair serious bone breaks is to remove small pieces of bone from a patient's rib or hip and fuse them to the broken bone. They use the same method to fuse spinal vertebrae to treat serious spinal injuries and back pain. Although this works well at the repair site, the removal...

Mechanism for the captation of nutrients in plants- unknown to date

...lised. Two processes of captation This discovery breaks with a fundamental dogma in basic plant science holding that all substances penetrate the interior of the cell through the participation of specific transporters present in the plasma membranes - a model implying that, if hundreds of substances enter...

Cancer related gene p53 not regulated as indicated by previous tissue culture research

...ative regulators. Our cells are vulnerable to DNA breaks caused by UV light, ionizing radiation, toxic chem.... Unless promptly and properly repaired, these DNA breaks can let cell division spiral out of control, ultimately causing cancer. Under normal conditions, th...

Active Vaccine Prevents Mice From Developing Prion Disease

...accines. But the NYU study is important because it breaks new ground in demonstrating that active immunization can protect a significant percentage of animals from developing symptoms of prion disease, explains Thomas Wisniewski, M.D., Professor of Neurology, Pathology, and Psychiatry, and the lead author o...

Atmosphere may cleanse itself better than previously thought

... them out, or sunlight strikes them and the energy breaks the molecules apart. "The third way is the one we...by a substance called methyl hydroperoxide when it breaks up in sunlight and forms OH radicals. Methyl hydroperoxide is one of the substances that can absorb ...

Pair of cancer genes found to drive both cell migration and division

...3 on the membrane on one side of a cell while PTEN breaks it down on the other side. But when both enzymes are missing, levels of PIP3 remain constant throughout the membrane, and the cell can't migrate properly. In experiments with single-celled amoebae, Devreotes and his team learned that PTEN and PI3K d...

Unchecked DNA replication drives earliest steps toward cancer

...vent, you will have constant DNA breaks. These DNA breaks create more mutations, leading to tumor progressio...e Wistar group in Nature last year, senses the DNA breaks caused by replication stress and activates the p53 pathway. That pathway shuts down the replication ...

Insight into DNA's 'weakest links' may yield clues to cancer biology

... to suggest one possible mechanism for chromosomal breaks and rearrangements. A delay in DNA synthesis leads to an increase in single-stranded DNA, the researchers explained. While DNA is in a single-stranded form, multiple copies of retrotransposons are more likely to interact, forming a kink in the DNA. ...

New understanding of DNA repair may pave way to cancer treatments

...ionizing irradiation or other exposures that cause breaks in DNA. A likely way in which ATF2 works is to halt the cell's cycle to allow repair of damaged DNA before such damage becomes permanent." Ronai and his colleagues are now determining how molecules like ATF2 can balance their dual roles. "High doses...

Brain Scans Reveal How Gene May Boost Schizophrenia Risk

...y variation in the gene that makes the enzyme that breaks down dopamine causes a complete flipflop ?not a me...techo-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which chemically breaks down dopamine. It comes in two versions, val and met, so a person can have two of the same version o...

NASA study finds snow melt causes large ocean plant blooms

...Also when organic matter produced by phytoplankton breaks down and decomposes, more oxygen gets consumed in the process. An increase in phytoplankton could therefore cause oxygen deficiencies in the Arabian Sea to spread, leading to fish mortality. Oxygen-depleted waters also provide the perfect environmen...

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