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Tag: "breaks" at biology news

St. Jude projects 90 percent cure rate for ALL

...are differences in how quickly the body activates, breaks down or eliminates specific cancer drugs. "Many genetic factors likely interact to influence the response of the patient to treatment," Evans said. "That's why the breakthroughs in pharmacogenomics made at St. Jude and elsewhere are so important. Th...

When good DNA goes bad

...first time that the oddly shaped DNA can cause DNA breaks in mammalian cells. Interestingly, these sequenc...nts with Burkitt's lymphoma, for example, have DNA breaks that map to regions with the potential to form these odd DNA structures. "Our study shows that DNA ...

On a fly's wing, scientists tally evolution's winners and losses

...anges through evolution, Lupski said. For example, breaks in synteny or the maintenance of the order of genes between species coincide with changes in the architecture of the chromosome itself. In some cases, DNA repeats get in the way. In others, there are rearrangements of the genome that occur during the...

Mouse to man: The story of chromosomes

...anges through evolution, Lupski said. For example, breaks in synteny or the maintenance of the order of genes between species coincide with changes in the architecture of the chromosome itself. In some cases, DNA repeats get in the way. In others, there are rearrangements of the genome that occur during the...

Study in Science holds promise for a new approach to drug therapy

...f reactions there. Once free, a G protein itself breaks up into an alpha subunit and a tightly paired gamma-beta subunit. G proteins subunits, in effect, pass on the biological message inside the cell sent by the ligand that activates a GPCR on the outside. The free G protein gamma-beta subunit can, for e...

Aggression-related gene weakens brain's impulse control circuits

... for the enzyme monoamine oxydase-A (MAO-A), which breaks down key mood-regulating chemical messengers, most notably serotonin. The previously identified violence-related, or L, version, contains a different number of repeating sequences in its genetic code than the other version (H), likely resulting in lo...

Lactic acid not athlete's poison, but an energy source - if you know how to use it

...e is the link between glycolytic metabolism, which breaks down carbohydrates, and oxidative metabolism, which uses oxygen to break down various fuels," Brooks said. Post-doctoral researcher Takeshi Hashimoto and staff research associate Rajaa Hussien established this by labeling and showing colocalization ...

Unique equine cataract surgery offered on routine basis

... phacoemulsification machine for equine use, which breaks up a cataract through ultrasound. They combined this with a technique commonly used in remote Indian Eye Camps to dislodge the cataract via the anterior eye chamber using a jet of saline. The teams remove the lens using an ultrasound probe and admin...

Microbes convert 'Styrofoam? into biodegradable plastic

...ong shelf life. But unlike polystyrene, it readily breaks down in soil, water, septic systems and backyard composts. Worldwide, more than 14 million metric tons of polystyrene are produced annually, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Most of this ends up in landfills. Although polystyre...

Clawed frog helps Fanconi anemia research make leaps

...nconi proteins function to prevent accumulation of breaks in DNA strands that arise even during normal replication. Fanconi anemia is thought to be the result of a defect in the Fanconi genes' ability to repair DNA damage. Hoatlin said there are many advantages to using the frogs' eggs, instead of human c...

Plants give pests sock in the gut

... found in insect-resistant strains of corn, and it breaks down proteins and peptides in the insects' gut. It is a unique active defense against herbivory," says Dawn Luthe, professor of plant stress biology at Penn State. Luthe and researchers at Mississippi State University have since developed several l...

Feeling old?

...proteoloysis, a complex degradative machinery that breaks down contractile muscle protein, and that leucine supplementation can fully restore correct function. "Preventing muscle wasting is a major socio-economic and public health issue, that we may be able to combat with a leucine-rich diet," says senior ...

Researchers uncover mechanisms of estrogen in promoting cell death in breast cancer

...ction of a natural pathway called apoptosis, which breaks down cells in the body. Many breast cancer cells require estrogen for survival (called estrogen receptor–positive breast cancers), and apoptosis of such cells can be induced with treatments that block estrogen, such as tamoxifen, fulvestrant, or aro...

Discovering the first steps in transcription-coupled repair

...eotides in a single strand of the double helix, to breaks in one or both strands and crosslinks between the two strands. To prevent accumulation of mutations and the production of altered proteins, cells deploy an arsenal of repair mechanisms to excise and replace defective nucleotides, reconnect broken str...

Cord blood cells may widen treatment window for stroke

...tment is tPA (tissue plasminogen activator), which breaks up blood clots ?the cause of most strokes. However, tPA must be given within three hours following a stroke to be effective and few patients arrive at the hospital quickly enough to receive it. Even when a patient meets the recommended three-hour tre...

Genetic defenders protect crops from fungal disease

...n the first place. If this first line of defense breaks down, as it does in about 5 to 25 percent of norma...PEN2 protein is a catabolic enzyme--a protein that breaks down other molecules--though its specific target remains unknown. The study expands on the researc...

Gene therapy for muscular dystrophy fixes frail muscle cells in animal model, Stanford study finds

... methods the gene stays outside the DNA and slowly breaks down. The second advantage is that her method doesn't rely on a virus to disperse the DNA and therefore avoids some of the issues, including cancer and an immune reaction, that have turned up in viral gene therapy trials. Instead this approach uses n...

Smoking damages key regulatory enzyme in the lung

...the enzyme crucial to mood regulation and one that breaks down chemical compounds that elevate blood pressur...cant reduction of MAO A in smokers' brains. MAO A breaks down many compounds that affect blood pressure, and the lung is a major metabolic organ in degrading...

No single gene for ageing

...ells. So the maintenance system in the body slowly breaks down. This topic was of great interest at the seminar for ageing at the conference "Functional genomics and disease" taking place in Oslo, Norway. Thomas Kirkwood is the director of the internationally recognised Institute of Ageing and Health (IAH...

A radical solution for environmental pollution

...he first step is understanding exactly how the bug breaks down toluene. "The challenge is that the chemical reactions these bacteria use are very unusual---not the standard chemical reactions that chemists usually think about," said Marsh. "It turns out that the solution to metabolizing these very inert co...

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