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Tag: "breaks" at biology news

Honey bee genome holds clues to social behavior

...ne may be switched on. If the transcription factor breaks away from the binding site, the gene is switched off. To search for genes that might play a role in social behavior, Sinha and his colleagues used the newly sequenced honey bee genome to scan the binding sites of transcription factors known to func...

When nerve cells can't make contact

...ny neuroligins, the function of the nervous system breaks down completely and the mutant animals die immediately after birth. However, their nerve cells can be examined in detail. According to Brose, "they deliver important findings not only for brain research in general, but also for the possible causes of...

More than drought affecting wheat yields

...." The problem now, he said, is any resistance breaks down in high temperatures. And not enough is known about the wheat curl mite to tellproducers when or what to spray. "There are big gaps in our knowledge," Rush said. "But we are making progress and have things working in the field that should pr...

Nanosecond-scale release of stinging jellyfish nematocysts

...oxins requires an effective release mechanism that breaks the physical barrier of the prey's outer-surface tissue. It was known already that a high pressure (15 MPa) drives nematocyst discharge, and that stylets can penetrate even thick crustacean shells. However, neither the kinetics nor the forces involve...

Parallel evolution: Proteins do it, too

... his attention on RNASE1, a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down bacterial RNA. Most primates have one gene encoding the enzyme, but he found that the douc langur, a colobine from Asia, has two---one encodes RNASE1, and its duplicate encodes a new enzyme, RNASE1B. The duplicate enzyme, it turns out, works bet...

UCLA study of community health project shows how group dynamics affect fitness, eating habits

...olleagues who insist on mid-morning group exercise breaks and applaud a lunchtime workout rather than criticizing the cut of the sweat suit. Ponder an organizational culture that encourages walking the stairs instead of riding the elevator. A UCLA-evaluated study of a demonstration project led by Communit...

Gut microbes' partnership helps body extract energy from food, store it as fat

...hetaiotaomicron, begin a fermentation process that breaks down these nutrients so that the stored calories can be liberated and absorbed. But B. thetaiotaomicron doesn't just work in a simple partnership with its host. The human gut contains hundreds, and perhaps thousands, of different microbial species...

3-D model reveals secrets of metastasis

A cancer cell breaks away from a primary tumor and settles in a new location, where it once again divides. Pharmaceutical companies typically use simplistic two-dimensional assays for this process, which is known as metastasis, to evaluate anti-cancer therapeutics. In th...

Researchers find 'secret weapon' used by SARS virus

...reserve its integrity when it makes a protein that breaks down RNA, and whether a mutated non-RNA-degrading SARS coronavirus could constitute a workable SARS vaccine are all issues that Makino's group intends to pursue. "The main concern for everybody is whether SARS will come back," Makino said. "We want t...

'Pinball protons' created by ultraviolet rays and other causes can lead to DNA damage

...esses that knock the protons off. The lesions are breaks in the hydrogen bonds, of which there are two in the G-C base pair. (The Adenine-Thymine pair has three hydrogen bonds.) "Our real goal is to examine all possible lesions in DNA subunits," said Lind. The team discovered that the base pair minus it...

Breaks in hibernation help fight bugs

...r torpor, and become fully active. But such sudden breaks from slumber eat into much of the animal's stored ...imals experience a particularly cold winter, these breaks wouldn't be crucial. But if the animals were exposed to certain pathogens that thrive at low tem...

Researchers uncover new mechanism of tumor suppressor

...es to DNA damage in normal cells. When the process breaks down, such damage and other acute stresses are thought to lead to cancer. The first study, Molecular mechanism of histone H3K4me3 recognition by plant homeodomain of ING2, was conducted in Kutateladze's laboratory with the assistance of graduate stu...

Friendly bacteria in chewing gum that bites back

...f teeth, where it produces an aggressive acid that breaks down the enamel. The friendly bugs in the gum will make the S. Mutans clump together, preventing them from becoming attached to the tooth surface. Tests reveal that the chewing gum can reduce the amount of bacteria in the mouth fifty times. Stefan ...

'Signature' of chromosome instability predicts cancer outcomes

...antly fix this damage, but when the repair process breaks down, chromosomes become unstable and cancers are more likely to develop. Chromosomal instability leads to a condition known as aneuploidy, in which chunks of DNA are either missing or duplicated. The technique developed by Szallasi's team indire...

Johns hopkins researchers find link between cell's energy use and genome health

...machinery is "like finding out that an enzyme that breaks down food in the stomach also helps you remember telephone numbers or that preventing such digestion makes you forget them," Boeke added. The research, to be published in the July 21 issue of Molecular Cell, could lead to new strategies one day to ...

Bones hold the key to blood renewal

...s busy building bone, its partner, the osteoclast, breaks it down and reassimilates the material. Osteoclasts are formed when several cells (which themselves originate from hematopoietic stem cells) fuse together at a signal from the osteoblasts, and the two work together in a sort of 'urban renewal' scheme...

UF scientists test improved gene therapy method for hereditary heart conditions

...produce adequate levels of an enzyme that normally breaks down the carbohydrate glycogen, used to store energy. The disease causes gradual weakening of muscle and heart tissue when glycogen accumulates in muscles, limiting their ability to contract. "This is a way of delivering gene therapy to the heart t...

Hopkins researchers discover genetic switch that turns off an oxygen-poor cell's combustion engine

...e machine, the mitochondrion, is an organelle that breaks down the glucose-using oxygen and produces ATP. The other does the same thing - albeit less efficiently - without using oxygen in a process called glycolysis. Like the hybrid car, cells use oxygen and the internal combustion engine at higher speed...

BioMed Central launches Biology Direct

...ing to bare knuckles, especially during the coffee breaks or at the bar, but also in the conference room itself. Sometimes someone gets upset or offended but it is, definitely, an exception. And how priceless these discussions often are in providing us with new perspectives and fresh ideas for our research!...

Gut protein found to protect against infection and intestinal breakdown

... rely on feeding tubes for nourishment, the lining breaks down and bacteria pass through it into the body, sometimes causing the massive blood infection known as sepsis. Simply giving bile acids orally as a substitute isn't a good solution because they can cause liver damage, Dr. Kliewer said. The research...

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